PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY
Title
Spherical submicron powders with nanopolycrystalline substructure — a promising raw material for obtaining
fine-grained high-density ceramics (review)
L. V. Vinogradov, V. I. Antipov, A. G. Kolmakov, Y. E. Mukhina, E. E. Baranov
The review reflects the unique properties and possible areas of application of submicron non-agglomerating powders from refractory oxides obtained by aerosol-spray pyrolysis. An analysis of the experimental results obtained by researchers at different times convincingly proves the promise of using aerosol nanostructured submicron spherical powders to obtain ceramic materials with a high-density, uniform fine-grained structure without pores. The uniqueness of aerosol powders is due to the presence in the particles of the nano-polycrystalline substructure of a developed network of inter-grain boundaries, which during sintering has a significant impact on the efficiency of diffusion mass transfer and contributes to an increase in the speed and completeness of pores overgrowth. Aerosol powders acquire these properties through the use of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, where equilibrium physicochemical processes occur in ultra-small local volumes of aerosol droplets, ensuring a high degree of uniformity of the resulting powder. The formed ultrathin substructure of aerosol powders ensures their full sintering at low temperatures, making it possible to obtain high-density ceramic materials with extreme physical and mechanical characteristics. The practical use of nanostructured aerosol powders does not require the use of preliminary preparation operations (grinding-grinding, classification, purification from impurities, etc.) and, unlike ultrafine powders, they are easily molded using traditional methods of powder technology (uniaxial pressing, hot casting, etc.).
Keywords: ceramics, spray pyrolysis, aerosol powders, agglomerates, sintering, nanostructure.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-5-14
Vinogradov Leonid — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences (119334 Moscow, Leninskii pr. 49), PhD (Eng), senior scientific employee, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy, coverings and composite materials. E-mail: ltdvin@ yandex.ru.
Antipov Valerij — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences (119334 Moscow, Leninskii pr. 49), PhD (Eng), senior scientific employee, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy, coverings and composite materials. E-mail: antipov@imet.ac.ru.
Kolmakov Alexey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences (119334 Moscow, Leninskii pr. 49), Dr. Sci (Eng), correspondent member of RAS, head of laboratory, specialist in the field of composition and nanomaterials, multifractal analysis, synergetrics. E-mail: kolmakov@imet.ac.ru.
Mukhina Yulia — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences (119334 Moscow, Leninskii pr. 49), PhD (Eng), researcher, expert in the field of the structural analysis and physical chemistry of inorganic materials. E-mail:
mukhina.j.e.imet@yandex.ru.
Baranov Eugenius — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences (119334 Moscow, Leninskii pr. 49), research worker, specialist in area of science of materials and physics of metals, E-mail: arefiy@mail.ru.
Vinogradov L.V., Antipov V.I., Kolmakov A.G., Mukhina Y.E., Baranov E.E. Sfericheskie submikronnye poroshki s nano-polikristallicheskoj substrukturoj — perspektivnoe syr'e dlya polucheniya melkozernistoj vysokoplotnoj keramiki (obzor) [Spherical submicron powders with nanopolycrystalline substructure — a promising raw material for obtaining fine-grained high-density ceramics (review)]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 2, pp. 5 – 14. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-5-14
Nanostructured titanium dioxide modification
using the hydrothermal method to enhance
the betavoltaic cells electrical parameters
A. V. Bratsuk, D. S. Kiselev, S. Yu. Kovtun,
D. A. Zaitsev, E. N. Fedorov,
A. A. Igonina, D. M. Vardanyan, A. A. Urusov
New technologies of microelectronics are emerging to reduce the size of devices and combine them into more compact ultra-low power systems. Betavoltaic power sources (BVPSs) can serve as power generators of such order. BVPSs consist of a combination of betavoltaic cells (BVCs) based on long-lived radioisotopes of beta radiation and semiconductor converters (SCs). One of the key tasks for increasing the power of BVC is the selection of SCs that can efficiently convert the energy of beta particles into electricity. Currently, semiconductor structures with a developed surface and a high band gap are considered to be perspective SCs. In present work, arrays of titanium dioxide nanopores (TiO2NPs) synthesized by common electrochemical anodization was chosen as a SCs. These SCs were part of BVCs based on nickel-63 with an activity of ~ 10 Ci/g. TiO2 NPs with an amorphous structure in the composition of BVC demonstrated low electrical parameters. To increase them, we modified TiO2NPs by the hydrothermal method in a solution of Sr(OH)2 with a concentration of 0.05 mol/l at various times. These experiments were carried out in order to convert TiO2 (anatase) into structure-like SrTiO3. We found that the electrical parameters of the SCs increased with the duration of the modification time. The best result was obtained in case of 3 h modification — the BVC generated a short circuit current 2,9 nA, open circuit voltage 0,8 V and had a maximum power 0,8 nW at 0,45 – 0,5 V. The obtained electrical parameters in combination with the miniature dimensions of the BVCs open up the potential possibility of creating a BVPS with an increased power density.
Keywords:nuclear battery, betavoltaic cells, nickel-63, nanopores, nanotubes, strontium titanate, titanium dioxide, modification, betavoltaic properties.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-15-27
Bratsuk Andrey — LUCH Research and Production Association, Research and Development Institute, Joint Stock Company (Russia, Moscow region, Podolsk, 142103, Zheleznodorozhnaya St., 24), researcher, specialist in synthesis of nanomaterials and development of electronic devices. E-mail: AVBratsuk@mail.ru.
Kiselev Dmitry — LUCH Research and Production Association, Research and Development Institute, Joint Stock Company (Russia, Moscow region, Podolsk, 142103, Zheleznodorozhnaya St., 24), Sc.D, leading researcher, specialist in research of material properties. E-mail: KiselevDS@sialuch.ru.
Kovtun Semyon — LUCH Research and Production Association, Research and Development Institute, Joint Stock Company (Russia, Moscow region, Podolsk, 142103, Zheleznodorozhnaya St., 24), process engineer, specialist in chemical technology of inorganic materials. E-mail: KovtunSU@sialuch.ru.
Zaitsev Dmitry — LUCH Research and Production Association, Research and Development Institute, Joint Stock Company (Russia, Moscow region, Podolsk, 142103, Zheleznodorozhnaya St., 24), leading engineer, specialist in radiation materials science. E-mail: dmrzaytsev@gmail.com.
Fedorov Evgeniy — LUCH Research and Production Association, Research and Development Institute, Joint Stock Company (Russia, Moscow region, Podolsk, 142103, Zheleznodorozhnaya St., 24), chief researcher, specialist in the development of energy conversion devices. E-mail: FedorovEN@sialuch.ru.
Igonina Aleksandra — LUCH Research and Production Association, Research and Development Institute, Joint Stock Company (Russia, Moscow region, Podolsk, 142103, Zheleznodorozhnaya St., 24), engineer, specialist in chemical technology of inorganic materials. E-mail: IgoninaAA@sialuch.ru.
Vardanyan Dmitry — LUCH Research and Production Association, Research and Development Institute, Joint Stock Company (Russia, Moscow region, Podolsk, 142103, Zheleznodorozhnaya St., 24), trainee, specialist in synthesis of nanomaterials. E-mail: VardanyanDM@sialuch.ru.
Urusov Aleksandr — LUCH Research and Production Association, Research and Development Institute, Joint Stock Company (Russia, Moscow region, Podolsk, 142103, Zheleznodorozhnaya St., 24), head of the laboratory, specialist in radiation materials science. E-mail:
UrusovAA@sialuch.ru.
Bratsuk A.V., Kiselev D.S., Kovtun S.Yu., Zaitsev D.A., Fedorov E.N., Igonina A.A., Vardanyan D.M., Urusov A.A. Modifikaciya nanostrukturirovannogo dioksida titana metodom gidrotermal'noj obrabotki dlya uluchsheniya elektricheskih parametrov beta-vol'taicheskih elementov [Nanostructured titanium dioxide modification using the hydrothermal method to enhance the betavoltaic cells electrical parameters]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 2, pp. 15 – 27. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-15-27
Structure and properties of SiO2 – Cr2O3
coating obtained by pulsed magnetron
sputtering on a ceramic base ZrO2
R. S. Nebogatikov, S. Ya. Pichidze
The technology for SiO2 – Cr2O3 coatings on a ceramic Y-TZP (ZrO2stabilized by Y2O3) zirconia base has been proposed. The coating was produced in three stages: 1) formation of SiO2 adhesion layer by application of 5-amino-propyltriethoxysilane alcohol solution to the ceramic base surface followed by heat treatment at 450 ± 5 °C for 30 min. The next step was application of Cr at purity of 99.9 % by pulse magnetron sputtering; 3) diffusion oxidation of Cr, applied on the ceramic base, to Cr2O3in the muffle furnace at 450 ± 5 °C for 30 min. Dependence of physical-mechanical characteristics of coating depending on preparatory and finishing operations (abrasive blasting, polishing) has been investigated. Samples with submicron coating with thickness of 150 ± 20 nm, having nanostructured lamellar structure, possessing open porosity value of 1.3 %, microhardness 2000 HV, roughness Ra 0.32 – 0.63, friction coefficient 0.175 and increased by 184 % wear resistance to abrasion loadings in comparison with pure zirconia ceramics were obtained.
Keywords: SiO2 – Cr2O3coating, zirconium dioxide, wear resistance, microhardness, heart valve prosthesis.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-28-40
Nebogatikov Roman — Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov (Saratov, 410054, 77 Politechnicheskaya street), PhD student, researcher in the field of PVD-coatings and research on the physical and mechanical characteristics of materials. E-mail:
Pichkhidze Sergei — Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov (Saratov, 410054, 77 Politechnicheskaya street), ScD, professor, leading researcher, researcher in the field of plasma spraying and X-ray spectral (energy dispersive) and X-ray phase analysis of substances. E-mail: serg5761@yandex.ru.
Nebogatikov R.S., Pichidze S.Ya. Struktura i svojstva pokrytij SiO2 – Cr2O3, poluchennyh metodom impul'snogo magnetronnogo raspyleniya na keramicheskoj osnove ZrO2 [Structure and properties of SiO2 – Cr2O3 coating obtained by pulsed magnetron sputtering on a ceramic base ZrO2]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 2, pp. 28 – 40. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-28-40
Influence of aluminosilicate cenospheres
on the structure and properties of elastomeric
composite materials based
on ethylene-propylene-diene elastomers
K. V. Sukhareva, I. A. Mikhailov, N. O. Belyaeva,
A. D. Buluchevskaya, M. E. Mikhailova, T. I. Chalykh,
L. R. Lyusova, A. A. Popov
The use of industrial waste to develop new value-added materials and reduce their environmental impact is one of the most important tasks of science and industry, which can largely solve the problem of waste pollution. This work is aimed at studying the effect of different concentrations of fly ash aluminosilicate cenospheres on the structure and properties of elastomeric composites. In this work, using laboratory rollers, composite materials based on ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM-40) with different mass fractions of fly ash (10, 20 and 30 %) were obtained. Using the method of optical microscopy, the microstructure of mixtures of EPDM and aluminosilicate cenospheres was studied and it was shown that the filler content of more than 30% increases the content of larger cenosphere agglomerates in the structure, which indicates interfacial separation in mixtures, probably due to the fact that mechanical mixing on mixing equipment does not allow to achieve a uniform distribution of the filler throughout the elastomeric matrix. The IR spectra show the appearance of new absorption bands in the region. 1400 – 800 cm–1, corresponding to Si – O – Si stretching vibrations present in aluminosilicate cenospheres. According to the thermogravimetry data of the studied compositions, the introduction of aluminosilicate cenospheres contributed to a slight increase in the thermal stability of the tested composition with a cenosphere content of more than 30%. The influence of the concentration of aluminosilicate cenospheres on the resistance of composites to aggressive media was analyzed and it was found that the introduction of a cenosphere filler in an amount of 10 to 30 % in a mixture based on EPDM can increase the oil and petrol resistance of materials.
Keywords: aluminosilicate fly ash cenospheres, polymer composite, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, EPDM, optical microscopy, thermal properties, IR spectroscopy, resistance to aggressive environment.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-41-50
Sukhareva Ksenia — Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Synthetic and Natural Polymers, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Biochemical Physics named after N.M. Emanuel” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (119334, Moscow, Kosygina str., 4); Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (1117997, Moscow, Zatsepa str., 43), candidate of chemical sciences, leading researcher, specialist in the field of physical chemistry of composite polymeric materials. Email: sukhareva.kv@rea.ru.
Mikhailov Igor — Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Synthetic and Natural Polymers, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Biochemical Physics named after N.M. Emanuel” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (119334, Moscow, Kosygina str., 4); Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (1117997, Moscow, Zatsepa str., 43), candidate of chemical sciences, specialist in the field of physical chemistry of composite polymeric materials. Email: mikhaylov.ia@rea.ru.
Belyaeva Natalya — Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (1117997, Moscow, Zatsepa str., 43), student. Email: nataly12022004@gmail.com.
Buluchevskaya Anastasia — Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (1117997, Moscow, Zatsepa str., 43), student. Email: buluchevskaya.a@rea.ru.
Mikhailova Maria — Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (1117997, Moscow, Zatsepa str., 43), student. Email: mihaylova.me@rea.ru.
Chalykh Tatiana — Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (1117997, Moscow, Zatsepa str., 43), doctor of chemical sciences, professor, specialist in the field of physical chemistry of composite polymeric materials. Email: tchalykh.ti@rea.ru.
Lyusova Lyudmila — Institute of Thin Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “MIREA – Russian Technological University” (119435, Moscow, Malaya Pirogovskaya str., 1), doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, specialist in the field of elastomeric materials. Email: lyusova@mirea.ru.
Popov Anatoly — Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Synthetic and Natural Polymers, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Biochemical Physics named after N.M. Emanuel” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (119334, Moscow, Kosygina str., 4); Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (1117997, Moscow, Zatsepa str., 43), doctor of chemical sciences, professor, specialist in the field of physical chemistry of composite polymeric materials. Email: popov.ana@rea.ru.
Sukhareva K.V., Mikhailov I.A., Belyaeva N.O., Buluchevskaya A.D., Mikhailova M.E., Chalykh T.I., Lyusova L.R., Popov A.A. Vliyanie alyumosilikatnyh cenosfer na strukturu i svojstva elastomernyh kompozicionnyh materialov na osnove etilen-propilen-dienovyh elastomerov [Influence of aluminosilicate cenospheres on the structure and properties of elastomeric composite materials based on ethylene-propylene-diene elastomers]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 2, pp. 41 – 50. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-41-50
Synthesis of (Ti,Cr)xCycarbides in VT6 alloy
by direct laser deposition
A. I. Gorunov
The possibility of forming carbides of the (Ti,Cr)xCy type in the Ti6Al4V alloy by the method of direct laser deposition of materials (DLD) is shown. A new method for the synthesis of carbides of the (Ti,Cr)xCytype consists in preliminary laser cladding of carbon fibers with chromium, adding them to the VT6 powder mixture, and fusing the resulting DLD composition. Thus, a new Ti6Al4V/CFs/Cr alloy was obtained. The formation of carbides of the CrxCy type was revealed in the coating on carbon fibers (CF/Cr). The appearance of CrxCy carbides in CF/Cr samples is due to the interaction of carbon with chromium as a result of laser processing. The average microhardness of the Ti6Al4V/CFs/Cr alloy was 700 ± 100 HV0.01. At the same time, the hardness of the detected carbides (Ti,Cr)xCy in the Ti6Al4V/CFs/Cr alloy was 1000 ± 40 HV0.01. During the DLD process, the carbon fiber can be completely or partially dissolved. In the composite material Ti6Al4V/CFs/Cr, carbides (Ti,Cr)xCyare formed. It is shown that the hardness of the detected carbides is 2 times higher than the hardness of the composite material. It has been established that the friction coefficient of the VT6 alloy under increased load decreases by 1.5 times after 20 min of testing, while the friction coefficient of the Ti6Al4V/CFs/Cr alloy remains stable and equals 0.27 over the entire test interval.
Keywords: direct laser deposition of material, titanium, alloy, carbon fiber, composite material.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-69-76
Kurbanova Nushaba Ismail gizi — Institute of Polymer Materials of The Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Sumgait, Azerbaijan, Az5004, S. Vurgun Str, 124), Doctor of Chemistry, head of laboratory, specialist in the field of development of composition materials and also nanocomposites on the basis of elastomers and thermoplasts and their binary mixtures. E-mail: ipoma@science.az; kurbanova.nushaba@mail.ru.
Ragimova Sevinj Kazim gizi — Institute of Polymer Materials of The Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Sumgait, Azerbaijan, Az5004, S. Vurgun Str, 124), dissertant, specialist in the field of development of composition materials. E-mail:
ipoma@science.az.
Guliyeva Turkan Mushvig — Institute of Polymer Materials of The Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Sumgait, Azerbaijan, Az5004, S. Vurgun Str, 124), Doctor of Philosophy on Chemistry, senior researcher, specialist in the field of development of composition materials. E-mail: ipoma@science.az.
Kurbanova N.I., Ragimova S.K., Guliyeva T.M. Nikel'soderzhashchie nanokompozity na osnove izotakticheskogo polipropilena i polietilena vysokogo davleniya [Composites based on isotactic polypropylene and high pressure polyethylene with nichel-containing nanofillers]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 2, pp. 51 – 57. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-51-57
Heat conductivity of YAG:Nd + Mo ceramic
composites obtained by Spark Plasma Sintering
L. S. Alekseeva, A. V. Nokhrin, А. I. Orlova,
M. S. Boldin, Е. A. Lantcev, A. A. Murashov,
V. N. Chuvil’deev, N. Yu. Tabachkova, N. V. Sakharov,
A. A. Moskvichev
The microstructure and thermophysical properties (specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity coefficient, heat conductivity coefficient) of fine-grained ceramic composites based on yttrium-aluminum garnet Y2.5Nd0.5Al5O12(YAG:Nd) with different molybdenum content (10, 20, 40 vol. %) are investigated. Submicron Y2.5Nd0.5Al5O12powders are obtained by co-precipitation method. Powder compositions of YAG:Nd + Mo with the structure “YAG:Nd core – Mo shell” were obtained using wet chemistry techniques and precipitation of the metal phase from salt solutions. Ceramic composite samples were obtained by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method. The microstructure and phase composition of ceramics were investigated by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction phase analysis. YAG:Nd + Mo composites have a high relative density (98.1 – 99 %) and a homogeneous fine-grained microstructure with a grain size of 2 – 3 μm. Increased thermal conductivity and heat conductivity of composites is provided with a content of at least 20 vol.% Mo. For composites with 20% and 40% Mo, the heat conductivity coefficient at 1100 °C reaches 7.0 and 8.8 W×m–1×K–1, respectively. Sintered composites YAG: Nd + Mo at room temperature and elevated temperatures (up to 1100 °C) have a high heat conductivity coefficient, exceeding the heat conductivity coefficient of uranium dioxide UO2. This makes it possible to use ceramics YAG:Nd+Mo as heat-resistant inert fuel matrices.
Keywords: ceramics, garnet, heat conductivity.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-58-68
Alekseeva Ludmila — National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (603022, Nizhniy Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23), junior researcher, specialist in synthesis. E-mail: golovkina_lyudmila@mail.ru.
Nokhrin Aleksey — National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (603022, Nizhniy Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23), Dr Sci, senior researcher, specialist in the diffusion processes. E-mail: nokhrin@nifti.unn.ru.
Orlova Albina — National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (603022, Nizhniy Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23), Dr Sci, chief researcher, specialist in the synthesis of new materials. E-mail: albina.orlova@gmail.com.
Boldin Maksim — National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (603022, Nizhniy Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23), PhD, researcher, specialist in the Spark Plasma Sintering. E-mail: boldin@nifti.unn.ru.
Lantsev Eugeniy — National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (603022, Nizhniy Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23), junior researcher, specialist in the Spark Plasma Sintering. E-mail: aamurashov@nifti.unn.ru.
Murashov Artem — National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (603022, Nizhniy Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23), engineer, specialist in electron microscopy. E-mail: aamurashov@nifti.unn.ru.
Chuvil’deev Vladimir — National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (603022, Nizhniy Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23), Dr Sci, chief researcher, specialist in the diffusion processes. E-mail: chuvildeev@nifti.unn.ru.
Tabachkova Natalya — National University of Science and Technology MISIS (119049, Moscow, Leninskiy ave, 4), associated professor, PhD, specialist in transmission electron microscopy. E-mail: ntabachkova@misis.ru.
Sakharov Nikita — National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (603022, Nizhniy Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23), junior researcher, specialist in electron microscopy. E-mail: nvsaharov@nifti.unn.ru.
Moskvichev Aleksandr — Institute for Problems of Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Science (603024, Nizhny Novgorod, Belinskogo str., 85), PhD, senior researcher, specialist in the differential scanning calorimetry. E-mail: triboman@mail.ru.
Alekseeva L.S., Nokhrin A.V., Orlova А.I., Boldin M.S., Lantcev Е.A., Murashov A.A., Chuvil’deev V.N., Tabachkova N.Yu., Sakharov N.V., Moskvichev A.A. Teploprovodnost' keramicheskih kompozitov YAG:Nd + Mo, poluchennyh metodom elektroimpul'snogo plazmennogo spekaniya [Heat conductivity of YAG:Nd + Mo ceramic composites obtained by Spark Plasma Sintering]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 2, pp. 58 – 68. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-58-68
Synthesis of (Ti,Cr)xCycarbides in VT6 alloy
by direct laser deposition
A. I. Gorunov
The possibility of forming carbides of the (Ti,Cr)xCy type in the Ti6Al4V alloy by the method of direct laser deposition of materials (DLD) is shown. A new method for the synthesis of carbides of the (Ti,Cr)xCytype consists in preliminary laser cladding of carbon fibers with chromium, adding them to the VT6 powder mixture, and fusing the resulting DLD composition. Thus, a new Ti6Al4V/CFs/Cr alloy was obtained. The formation of carbides of the CrxCy type was revealed in the coating on carbon fibers (CF/Cr). The appearance of CrxCy carbides in CF/Cr samples is due to the interaction of carbon with chromium as a result of laser processing. The average microhardness of the Ti6Al4V/CFs/Cr alloy was 700 ± 100 HV0.01. At the same time, the hardness of the detected carbides (Ti,Cr)xCy in the Ti6Al4V/CFs/Cr alloy was 1000 ± 40 HV0.01. During the DLD process, the carbon fiber can be completely or partially dissolved. In the composite material Ti6Al4V/CFs/Cr, carbides (Ti,Cr)xCyare formed. It is shown that the hardness of the detected carbides is 2 times higher than the hardness of the composite material. It has been established that the friction coefficient of the VT6 alloy under increased load decreases by 1.5 times after 20 min of testing, while the friction coefficient of the Ti6Al4V/CFs/Cr alloy remains stable and equals 0.27 over the entire test interval.
Keywords: direct laser deposition of material, titanium, alloy, carbon fiber, composite material.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-69-76
Gorunov Andrey — Kazan national research technical university named after A.N.Tupolev (10, K. Marx St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420111, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), professor. E-mail:
gorunow.andrej@yandex.ru.
Gorunov A.I. Sintez karbidov (Ti,Cr)xCy v splave VT6 metodom pryamogo lazernogo naneseniya materialov [Synthesis of (Ti,Cr)xCy carbides in VT6 alloy by direct laser deposition]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 2, pp. 69 – 76. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-69-76
Phase composition and surface morphology
of BRO10C10 bronze after its electric spark
treatment with anode material
of a similar composition
N. A. Pankin, S. A. Velichko, V. P. Mishkin, S. V. Ilyin
The coating on the surface of BrO10C10 bronze was studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. It was obtained by electrospark processing with an anode material with a composition similar to that of the substrate. X-ray studies of the phase composition revealed the presence of phases of the “copper – tin” system (Cu, α-(Cu; Sn), Cu3Sn, ε-Cu3Sn and Cu5.6Sn) and lead. The incorporation of atmospheric elements and initial bronze components into lead leads to the formation of regions with a distorted crystal lattice. An increase in the energy of a single pulse of an electric spark discharge is accompanied by a decrease in the α-(Cu; Sn) phase and an increase in the content of ε-Cu3Sn and Cu5.6Sn. The ratio of intensities indicates the absence of a predominant orientation of growth (texture) in the electrospark coating. Scanning electron microscopy data indicate the presence of melted areas, pores, spherical and oval inclusions, irregularly shaped particles, cracks, rounded pits, etc. in the surface layer. The main reason for the presence of melted areas is high temperatures in the interelectrode region during an electric spark discharge. The appearance of surface cracks is primarily associated with the occurrence of high thermal stresses and interelectrode mechanical contact. The presence of spherical/oval particles is a consequence of the interaction of liquid droplets with the surface of the cathode substrate. Irregularly shaped particles appear as a result of explosive emission from the edges of the erosion crater of the anode material.
Keywords: Electrospark machining, tin bronze, phase composition, surface morphology.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-77-84
Pankin Nikolai — Institute of High Technologies and New Materials of National Research Mordovia State University (430005, Saransk, Bolshevistskaya st., 68), PhD (Phys-Math) researcher, associate professor, specialist in the field X-ray studies of materials. E-mail: panjkinna@yandex.ru.
Velichko Sergey — Institute of Mechanics and Energy of National Research Mordovia State University (430005, Saransk, Bolshevistskaya st., 68), Doctor of Sciences (Eng), professor, specialist in the field of electrospark processing materials. E-mail: velichko2005@yandex.ru.
Mishkin Vladimir — Institute of High Technologies and New Materials of National Research Mordovia State University (430005, Saransk, Bolshevistskaya st., 68), Leading Engineer of the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Small-Angle X-ray Diffraction, Specialist in the field of materials research by scanning electron microscopy. E-mail: vladimirm1978@mail.ru.
Ilyin Sergey — Institute of High Technologies and New Materials of National Research Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogareva (430005, Saransk, Bolshevistskaya st., 68), lecturer, specialist in the field of optical research methods. E-mail: is7563@yandex.ru.
Pankin N.A., Velichko S.A., Mishkin V.P., Ilyin S.V. Fazovyj sostav i morfologiya poverhnosti bronzy BrO10S10 posle ee elektroiskrovoj obrabotki anodnym materialom analogichnogo sostava. [Phase composition and surface morphology of BRO10C10 bronze after its electric spark treatment with anode material of a similar composition]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 2, pp. 77 – 84. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-2-77-84
текст аннотации статьи 9
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