PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY
2023, No.12
Thermodynamic analysis of chlorination aluminum oxide
T. N. Vetchinkina
Thermodynamic analysis of aluminum oxide chlorination is of theoretical and practical interest and is performed for the main possible reactions of interaction with chlorine. The process is possible only in the direction of decreasing (decreasing) the Gibbs energy (∆G). The condition ∆G0 determines the principal possibility of carrying out the process under specified conditions and is determined only by the initial and final state of the system. The calculated values of the Gibbs energy and the equilibrium constant in the temperature range 400 – 1000 K show that in the presence of a reducing agent, the equilibrium of reactions is shifted towards the formation of aluminum chloride. It was found that the changes in the Gibbs energy of chlorination reactions of polymorphic modifications of Al2O3 increases in the series: g-Al2O3, Al2O3 am., d-Al2O3, a-Al2O3. It is possible to effectively assess the basic laws of obtaining anhydrous aluminum chloride in the reacting system by evaluating the change in the ratio of the initial components. Thermodynamic analysis of Al – O – C – Cl and Al – O – C – Cl – Si – Na systems with different component ratios was performed. The latter system is a rough alumina containing sodium aluminosilicate. It is shown that the 100 % yield of the target products with the full use of chlorine corresponds to the stoichiometry of their chemical interaction. The possibility of selective chlorination of Al2O3and SiCl4 has been determined. As calculations have shown, sodium oxide is completely converted into chloride, which makes it possible to use the residue from chlorination to obtain aluminum-silicon alloys without sodium impurities.
Keywords:aluminum oxide, thermodynamics, Gibbs energy, temperature, systems analysis, various component ratios.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-5-11
Vetchinkina Tatiana — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), PhD (Eng), leading researcher, specialist in the field of physicochemistry and aluminum technology. E-mail: tvetchinkina@yandex.ru.
Vetchinkina T.N. Termodinamicheskij analiz hlorirovaniya oksida alyuminiya [Thermodynamic analysis of chlorination aluminum oxide]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2023, no. 12, pp. 5 – 11. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-5-11
Structure of Al82Cu7Fe11 alloy
after high-speed quenching
N. D. Bakhteeva, E. V. Todorova, P. P. Umnov,
T. R. Chueva, N. V. Gamurar,
N. V. Petrakova, T. A. Sviridova
Structural analysis methods (metallographic, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning microscopy) were used to complex research of the structure Al82Cu7Fe11alloy obtained melt spinning method in the form of ribbons. It was shown that a multiphase amorphous-nanocrystalline structure of high dispersity, which includes an aluminum-based solid solution, intermetallic compounds Fe4Al13, CuAl2, and a small amount of a quasi-crystalline Al – Fe – Cu phase with a tenth-order symmetry axis (decagonal) is formed in the alloy. The parameters of the crystal lattices and volume fractions of the phases were certified. Was shown that the main structural component alloy is iron aluminide, the which content varies from 68 wt. % to 61 wt.% over the ribbon cross section from the contact to the free surface. The temperatures of phase transformations in the alloy during heating were determined. A comparative analysis of the structure composition and morphology of the phases formed in rapidly quenched ribbons and crystallized under equilibrium conditions same composition ingot was carried out. The difference in the alloys structure after various methods of crystallization was established. The microhardness of the ingot main structural components has been determined. Iron aluminide has a maximum hardness 780 HV. It was shown that the high alloy hardness 615 HV after high-speed quenching is provided formed multiphase amorphous-nanocrystalline structure state.
Keywords: Al-based alloy, melt spinning, quasicrystals, aluminides.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-12-21
Bakhteeva Natalia — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science of RAS (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky pr., 49), Doctor of sciences, leading researcher, expert in the field of physical Metal science. Е-mail: nbach@imet.ac.ru.
Todorova Elena — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science of RAS (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky pr., 49), PhD, senior researcher, amorphous aluminum materials specialist. Е-mail: elena.panfilova10@yandex.ru.
Umnov Pavel — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (119334, Moscow, Leninsky pr. 49), PhD, senior researcher, physico-chemical analysis and preparation of amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys specialist. E-mail: pumnov@imet.ac.ru.
Chueva Tatiana — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (119334, Moscow, Leninsky pr. 49), PhD, senior researcher, physico-chemical analysis and preparation of amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys specialist. E-mail: tchueva@imet.ac.ru.
Gamurar Nadezhda — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (119334, Moscow, Leninsky pr. 49), Ph.D, senior researcher, thermal analysis and preparation of amorphous alloys specialist. E-mail: ngamurar@imet.ac.ru.
Petrakova Nataliya — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (119334, Moscow, Leninsky pr. 49), PhD, senior researcher, specialist in development and researching of ceramic and composite materials. E-mail: petrakova.nv@mail.ru.
Sviridova Tatiana — National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (119049, Russia, Moscow, Leninsky pr. 4, b.1), PhD, expert of the scientific project of the Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, X-ray diffraction analysis specialist. E-mail: sviridova@misis.ru.
Bakhteeva N.D., Todorova E.V., Umnov P.P., Chueva T.R., Gamurar N.V., Petrakova N.V., Sviridova T.A. Struktura splava Al82Cu7Fe11 posle vysokoskorostnoj zakalki [Structure of Al82Cu7Fe11 alloy after high-speed quenching]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2023, no. 12, pp. 12 – 21. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-12-21
Influence of crosslinking agents on matrix
properties of hydrogel structures
based on sodium alginate
M. A. Khvorostina, P. Y. Algebraistova, I. A. Nedorubova,
T. B. Bukharova, D. V. Goldshtein, A. Y. Teterina,
V. S. Komlev, V. K. Popov
A comparative study of gelation processes in aqueous solutions of sodium alginate initiated by their chemical crosslinking with divalent ions Ca2+ or Ba2+ was carried out. 3D cryoprinted hydrogel scaffolds of certain architectonics were formed from the studied compositions containing various concentrations of crosslinking agents. It is shown that the increase in the crosslinking agent concentration from 2 to 10 wt. % leads to the improvement in the strength characteristics of alginate structures. At the same time, scaffolds crosslinked with 10 % aqueous solutions of both CaCl2 and BaCl2 retain their structural stability during 21 days of incubation in a culture medium at a temperature of 37 °C. During in vitroexperiments on cultures of mesenchymal stem cells derived from rat adipose tissue, samples crosslinked with Ba2+ ions were found to demonstrate a moderate cytotoxic effect and showed their inability to maintain cell adhesion, unlike non-toxic scaffolds crosslinked in CaCl2 aqueous solutions. In vivo analysis of experimental samples on an intramuscular implantation model for male Wistar rats also confirmed moderate cytotoxicity of alginate scaffolds formed using Ba2+ ions as crosslinking agents. The results obtained allow us to assert that of all the studied by us materials, sodium alginate crosslinked with a 10% CaCl2 aqueous solution can be considered the most promising for various biomedical applications.
Keywords:sodium alginate, ion crosslinking, three-dimensional cryoprinting, matrix properties, biocompatibility.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-22-31
Khvorostina Maria — Institute of Photon Technologies Federal Scientific Research Centre Crystallography and Photonics RAS (108840, Moscow, Troitsk, Pionerskaya str., 2), junior researcher, research interests: additive manufacturing, polymer physics and medical material science; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics” (115522, Moscow, Moskvorechye str., 1), junior researcher, research interests: eukaryotic cell genetics and regenerative medicine. E-mail: khvorostina.m@gmail.com.
Algebraistova Polina — Institute of Photon Technologies Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” Russian Academy of Sciences (108840, Moscow, Troitsk, Pionerskaya str., 2), engineer, research interests: additive manufacturing. E-mail: polina.alg@gmail.com.
Nedorubova Irina — Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics” (115522, Moscow, Moskvorechye str., 1), researcher, research interests: cell biology and regenerative medicine. E-mail: nedorubova.ia@gmail.com.
Bukharova Tatiana — Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics” (115522, Moscow, Moskvorechye str., 1), PhD in Biology, leading research scientist, research interests: cell biology, stem cells genetics and regenerative medicine. E-mail: bukharova-rmt@yandex.ru.
Goldshtein Dmitry — Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics” (115522, Moscow, Moskvorechye str., 1), Dr Sci, head of laboratory, research interests: biomedical technologies. Email: dvgoldshtein@gmail.com.
Teterina Anastasia — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr, 49), PhD, researcher, research interests: materials for medical application. Email: teterina_imet@mai.ru.
Komlev Vladimir — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr, 49), Сorresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr Sci, director, research interests: biomaterials. Email: komlev@mail.ru.
Popov Vladimir —Institute of Photon Technologies Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” Russian Academy of Sciences (108840, Moscow, Troitsk, Pionerskaya str., 2) Dr Sci, chief researcher, head of laboratory, research interests: physical chemistry, biomaterials, laser and supercritical fluid technologies, additive manufacturing. E-mail: vladikarpopov@gmail.com.
Khvorostina M.A., Algebraistova P.Y., Nedorubova I.A., Bukharova T.B., Goldshtein D.V., Teterina A.Y., Komlev V.S., Popov V.K. Vliyanie sshivayushchih agentov na matriksnye svojstva gidrogelevyh struktur na osnove al'ginata natriya [Influence of crosslinking agents on matrix properties of hydrogel structures based on sodium alginate]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2023, no. 12, pp. 22 – 31. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-22-31
Effect of heat treatment on the structure
and mechanical properties
of Ti – 10 Nb – (1 – 3) Mo alloys
S. V. Konushkin, M. A. Kaplan, K. V. Sergienko,
A. D. Gorbenko, Y. A. Morozova, A. Yu. Ivannikov,
M. A. Sudarchikova, T. M. Sevostyanova, E. O. Nasakina,
S. A. Mikhlik, A. G. Kolmakov, M. A. Sevostyanov
The work is devoted to obtaining homogeneous alloys Ti – 10 Nb – (1 – 3) Mo (at.%) due to multiple remelting and homogenization annealing, and semi-finished products in the form of plates for further research. Metallographic studies of the obtained materials were carried out in the cast, rolled and annealed state. The effect of annealing and composition on the structure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the Ti – 10 Nb – (1 – 3) Mo alloy has been revealed. Homogeneity after smelting is achieved by annealing at 950 °C for 12 hours. An increase in the Mo content in the Ti – 10 Nb – (1 – 3) Mo alloy leads to an increase in the strength of the alloys, while ductility decreases. Obtaining high strength characteristics in the selected alloys is associated with the development of annealing parameters after plastic deformation, namely, with the control of the size of recrystallized grains and the separation of a- and b-phases. In addition to a-Ti and b-Ti, w-Ti is present in the samples in an insignificant amount, which leads to a sharp increase in the hardness of the samples.
Keywords: titanium alloy, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, smelting, ingots, rolling, plates, annealing, structure, phase composition, mechanical properties.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-32-42
Konushkin Sergey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), PhD (Eng), researcher, specialist in the field of titanium alloys and heat treatment of materials. E-mail:
skonushkin@imet.ac.ru.
Kaplan Mikhail — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), PhD (Eng), junior researcher, specialist in the field of antibacterial, corrosion-resistant steels and alloys. E-mail:
mkaplan@imet.ac.ru.
Sergienko Konstantin — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), junior researcher, specialist in the field of titanium alloys and heat treatment of materials. E-mail: ksergienko@imet.ac.ru.
Gorbenko Artem — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), research engineer, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (VNIIF) (143050, Moscow Oblast, Odintsovo district, Bolshie Vyazemy, st. Institute, possession 5), specialist in the field of antibacterial, corrosion-resistant steels and alloys. E-mail: artemgorbenk@yandex.ru.
Morozova Yaroslava — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), research engineer, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (VNIIF) (143050, Moscow Oblast, Odintsovo district, Bolshie Vyazemy, st. Institute, possession 5), specialist in the field of titanium alloys and corrosion-resistant research. E-mail: yasya12987@gmail.com.
Ivannikov Alexander — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), PhD (Eng), senior researcher, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy and processing of materials by concentrated energy flows. E-mail: aivannikov@imet.ac.ru.
Sudarchikova Maria — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), junior researcher, specialist in the field of thin coatings and composite materials. E-mail: mariahsudar@yandex.ru.
Sevostyanova Tatyana — Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (129110, Moscow, Shchepkina st., 61/2), junior researcher, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU) (117997, Moscow, Ostrovityanova st., 1), specialist in the field of biological research. E-mail: tata_sev1048@mail.ru.
Konushkin S.V., Kaplan M.A., Sergienko K.V., Gorbenko A.D., Morozova Y.A., Ivannikov A.Yu., Sudarchikova M.A., Sevostyanova T.M., Nasakina E.O., Mikhlik S.A., Kolmakov A.G., Sevostyanov M.A. Vliyanie termicheskoj obrabotki na strukturu i mekhanicheskie svojstva splavov Ti – 10 Nb – (1 – 3) Mo [Effect of heat treatment on the structure and mechanical properties of Ti – 10 Nb – (1 – 3) Mo alloys]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2023, no. 12, pp. 32 – 42. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-32-42
Evolution of the composition and morphology
of Ti – 18 Zr – 15 Nb powder
during calcium-hydride synthesis
G. V. Markova, S. N. Yudin, I. A. Alimov,
S. S. Volodko, A. M. Guryanov, A. V. Kasimtsev,
T. A. Sviridova, D. O. Moskovskikh, D. V. Permyakova,
E. V. Evstratov, V. A. Imideev, S. S. Goncharov
Medical β-alloys of the Ti – Zr – Nb system are promising materials for creating bone implants that do not contain metals toxic to the human body. Powder metallurgy makes it possible to create porous structures based on this class of materials, thereby improving the osseointegration of bone tissues. However, the shape and size of the pores in an implant depend on the size and morphology of the initial powder. In light of this, the effect of the temperature and duration of calcium-hydride synthesis on the phase composition and morphology of the Ti – 18 Zr – 15 Nb (at. %) powder is studied in the current research. It has been established that with an increase in the duration and temperature of synthesis, the average size of powder particles increases, and the powder morphology and particle size distribution law change due to the formation of agglomerates. It has also been shown that during the formation of the β-solid solution, the synthesis process occurs in three stages. The first stage is governed by reduction reactions on the contact surface “oxide – liquid calcium”. The third stage is controlled by solid solution heterodiffusion. At the second stage, the synthesis process combines both mechanisms.
Keywords:calcium-hydride synthesis, Ti – 18 Zr – 15 Nb alloy, powder metallurgy, homogeneity, diffusion, mechanism, morphology.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-43-58
Markova Galina — Tula State University (300012, Russia, Tula, Prospekt Lenina, 92), doctor of engineering sciences, рrofessor, specialist in the field of phase transition studies and metal science. E-mail: galv.mark@rambler.ru.
Yudin Sergey — Head of Technological bureau of LTD Metsintez (300041, Russia, Tula, Krasnoarmeysky Prospekt, 25, letter A, room 206), PhD (Eng.), specialist in the field of powder metallurgy. E-mail: Sergey-USN@mail.ru.
Alimov Ivan — Tula State University (300012, Russia, Tula, Prospekt Lenina, 92), postgraduate student, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy. E-mail: alimov.iwann@mail.ru.
Volodko Sergey — Lead Engineer of LTD Metsintez (300041, Russia, Tula, Krasnoarmeysky Prospekt, 25, letter A, room 206), PhD (Eng.), specialist in the field of powder metallurgy. E-mail: volodko.sv@yandex.ru.
Guryanov Aleksfndr — Tula State University (300012, Russia, Tula, Prospekt Lenina, 92), postgraduate student, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy. E-mail:
alimov.iwann@mail.ru.
Kasimtsev Anatoliy — Director of LTD Metsintez (300041, Russia, Tula, Krasnoarmeysky Prospekt, 25, letter A, room 206), doctor of engineering sciences, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy. E-mail: metsintez@yandex.ru.
Sviridova Tatiana — National University of Science and Technology MISIS (119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 4), PhD (Phys-Math), researcher of the “Composite Center”, specialist in the field of radiographic methods of research of materials. E-mail:
tim-17@yandex.ru.
Moskovskikh Dmitriy — National University of Science and Technology MISIS (119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 4), PhD (Eng.), specialist in the field of powder metallurgy. E-mail: mos@misis.ru.
Permyakova Daria — Tula State University (300012, Russia, Tula, Prospekt Lenina, 92), postgraduate student, specialist in the field of phase transition studies. E-mail:
darya.per@gmail.com.
Evstratov Evgeniy — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), PhD (Eng.), specialist in the field of powder metallurgy. E-mail: evev@imet.ac.ru.
Imideev Vitaliy — National University of Science and Technology MISIS (119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 4), PhD (Eng.), specialist in the field of research of physicochemical and technological properties of powders, E-mail: vimideev@gmail.com.
Goncharov Sergey — Tula State University (300012, Russia, Tula, Prospekt Lenina, 92), associate professor, PhD (Eng.), specialist in X-ray diffraction analysis. E-mail:
gss160154@yandex.ru.
Markova G.V., Yudin S.N., Alimov I.A., Volodko S.S., Guryanov A.M., Kasimtsev A.V., Sviridova T.A., Moskovskikh D.O., Permyakova D.V., Evstratov E.V., Imideev V.A., Goncharov S.S. Evolyuciya sostava i morfologii poroshka splava Ti – 18 Zr – 15 Nb v processe gidridno-kal'cievogo sinteza [Evolution of the composition and morphology of Ti – 18 Zr – 15 Nb powder during calcium-hydride synthesis]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2023, no. 12, pp. 43 – 58. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-43-58
Features of the grain-subgrain structure
of TI49.8NI50.2 alloy after megaplastic
deformation by abc pressing
and subsequent annealing
K. V. Krukovskii, A. I. Lotkov, V. N. Grishkov,
A. A. Gusarenko, D. I. Bobrov
The features of the grain-subgrain structure of Ti49.8Ni50.2(at. %) alloy after megaplastic deformation by multi-axial forging at 573 K and subsequent annealing were investigated by the method of backscattered electron diffraction. It is shown that the best detection of the patterns of the grain-subgrain structure of the Ti49.8Ni50.2 alloy after a given true deformation e = 9.55 and annealing at 773 K for 2 hours, it is observed in areas without martensitic relief on the surface of the samples. It was found that the clearest diffraction patterns of backscattered electrons are observed in the central part of the grains, and with distance from the center of the grain, the quality of the Kikuchi lines deteriorates. The calculation of the equivalent grain diameter showed that the average grain size is 0.203 ± 0.053 microns. The grains have mainly an ellipse shape with an axis ratio of 0.48. Elongated grains along their length have a discrete-continuous disorientation of the crystal structure, which can reach 5 degrees per 1 micrometer.
Keywords:titanium nickelide; isothermal abc pressing; electron backscatter diffraction; grain-subgrain structure.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-59-70
Krukovskii Konstantin —Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2/4, Academicheskii prospect, Tomsk, 634021), PhD in Engineering, research associate, specialist in the field of nano- and microstructures, shape memory alloys, surface modification. E-mail: kvk@ispms.ru.
Lotkov Aleksandr — Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2/4, Academicheskii prospect, Tomsk, 634021), Doctor of Science in Physics and Mathematics, professor, chief research associate, specialist in the field of physics of phase transformations, metal science of shape memory alloys, nanostructured materials science, surface and thin film physics. E-mail: lotkov@ispms.ru.
Grishkov Victor — Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2/4, Academicheskii prospect, Tomsk, 634021), PhD in Physics and Mathematics, leading research associate, specialist in the field of phase transformations in metals and alloys, metal science of shape memory alloys. E-mail: grish@ispms.ru.
Gusarenko Angelina —Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2/4, Academicheskii prospect, Tomsk, 634021), junior research associate, specialist in the field of metal science of shape memory alloys. E-mail: aag@ispms.ru.
Bobrov Dmitrii — Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2/4, Academicheskii prospect, Tomsk, 634021), leading engineer. E-mail: Chromium76@gmail.com.
Krukovskii K.V., Lotkov A.I., Grishkov V.N., Gusarenko A.A., Bobrov D.I. Osobennosti zerenno-subzerennoj struktury splava Ti49,8Ni50,2 posle megaplasticheskoj deformacii metodom abc pressovaniya i posleduyushchego otzhiga [Features of the grain-subgrain structure of TI49.8NI50.2 alloy after megaplastic deformation by abc pressing and subsequent annealing]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2023, no. 12, pp. 59 – 70. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-59-70
Processing of tungsten nanopowder into micropowder
consisting of spherical particles
A. V. Samokhin, A. A. Fadeev, N. V. Alekseev,
A. A. Dorofeev, Yu. P. Kalashnikov, M. A. Sinaisky,
I. D. Zavertyaev
A method for producing tungsten powder consisting of spherical microparticles with dimensions of 20 – 50 µm is considered when processing a granular tungsten nanopowder in a flow of argon electric arc thermal plasma. Experimental studies of plasma chemical synthesis of tungsten nanopowder in a plasma reactor with a limited jet flow during the interaction of tungsten trioxide with a flow of hydrogen-containing plasma generated in an electric arc plasma torch have been carried out. The conditions of spray drying and the properties of a suspension consisting of tungsten nanoparticles have been experimentally determined, ensuring the production of mechanically strong nanopowder microgranules of rounded shape with a homogeneous internal nanostructure that does not contain cavities, with the yield of microgranules with a size of less than 60 µm at the level of 65 %. The influence of the parameters of the plasma processing of nanopowder microgranules in the thermal plasma flow on the degree of spheroidization and the microstructure of the resulting particles has been established.
Keywords: tungsten, nanopowder, plasma chemical synthesis, granules, granulation, spray drying, plasma spheroidization, spherical powder.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-71-82
Samokhin Andrey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), PhD (Eng), leading research worker, head of laboratory, specialist in research and development of processes and apparatus for plasma-chemical synthesis and processing of powder materials. E-mail: asamokhin@imet.ac.ru.
Fadeev Andrey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), researcher, specialist in research of the processes of spheroidization of powder materials, synthesis of nanopowder materials in thermal plasma and development of experimental equipment. E-mail: afadeev@imet.ac.ru.
Alekseev Nikolay — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), leading researcher, specialist in research and development of processes in thermal plasma of electric discharges. E-mail: nvalexeev@yandex.ru.
Dorofeev Alexey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), junior researcher, specialist in research of granulation and spheroidization of powder materials. E-mail: adorofeev@imet.ac.ru.
Kalashnikov Julian — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), specialist in research engineer, development and research of new high-energy materials for various purposes. E-mail: ulian1996@inbox.ru.
Sinaisky Mikhail — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), researcher, research of dispersed and chemical compositions of nano- and micropowders obtained in plasma chemical processes, plasma chemical synthesis, plasma spheroidization, granulation and classification of powders. E-mail: msinaisky@imet.ac.ru.
Zavertyaev Ilya — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), junior researcher, studies of the characteristics of an electric arc plasma torch, mixing of precursors with thermal plasma flow in the synthesis and processing of powder materials. E-mail: izavertyaev@imet.ac.ru.
Samokhin A.V., Fadeev A.A., Alekseev N.V., Dorofeev A.A., Kalashnikov Yu.P., Sinaisky M.A., Zavertyaev I.D. Sferoidizaciya nanoporoshkovyh mikrogranul vol'frama v termicheskoj plazme elektrodugovogo razryada [Processing of tungsten nanopowder into micropowder consisting of spherical particles]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2023, no. 12, pp. 71 – 82. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-71-82
Experimental determination of the effective
filament length for composites manufactured
using additive technologies
D. D. Vlasov, T. P. Plugatar, A. E. Polyakov,
N. A. Tatus
This article presents the results of an experimental and theoretical study aimed at studying the adhesive properties of the filament – matrix interface. The experiment on pulling a filament out of a polymer matrix was carried out for materials manufactured by additive technology. The purpose of the study was to determine the limiting shear stresses at the carbon filament-polymer matrix interface, as well as the influence of the length of the “embedding” of the filament on the pulling force. For this purpose, specimens were made with different lengths of filament “embedding”. The tensile experiment was carried out on a universal testing machine and the load-displacement diagram was recorded. To estimate the displacement fields, the digital image correlation (DIC) method was used. In the process of testing, pictures of displacement and strain fields on the surface of the specimen were obtained, from which it is possible to assess the processes occurring on the surface of the filament-matrix interface. The typical fields of strain when pulling a single thread from the matrix array are shown. The length of the filament at which the load-bearing capacity of the composite is realized more efficiently and the load is close to the limit for the filament itself was determined experimentally. Based on experimental data, the minimum effective length of filament “embedding” was calculated when manufacturing composite structural elements using additive methods.
Keywords:fiber-reinforced polymers, thread elongation, adhesive strength, effective filament length.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-83-90
Vlasov Danila —Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (101000, Moscow Maly Kharitonevsky pereulok, 4), junior researcher, specialist in the field of mechanics of composite materials. E-mail: danila_vlasov_98@mail.ru.
Plugatar Taras — Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (101000, Moscow, Maly Kharitonevsky pereulok, 4), junior researcher, specialist in experimental mechanics. E-mail: tplugatar@gmail.com.
Polyakov Artem — Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (101000, Moscow, Maly Kharitonevsky pereulok, 4), research engineer, specialist in the field of mechanics of composite materials. E-mail: apadd@mail.ru.
Tatus’ Nikolay —Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (101000, Moscow, Maly Kharitonevsky pereulok, 4), PhD (Eng), head of the laboratory, specialist in the field of mechanics of composite materials. E-mail:
nikalet@mail.ru.
Vlasov D.D., Plugatar T.P., Polyakov A.E., Tatus N.A. Eksperimental'noe opredelenie effektivnoj dliny zadelki niti dlya kompozitov, izgotovlennyh s pomoshch'yu additivnyh tekhnologij [Experimental determination of the effective filament length for composites manufactured using additive technologies]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2023, no. 12, pp. 83 – 90. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-12-83-90
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