PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY
2023, No.11
Application of promising catalysts
of amorphous molybdenum sulfide
in the creation of p-Si and pn-Si photocathodes
for hydrogen production in an acid solution
V. N. Nevolin, O. V. Rubinkovskaya, D. V. Fominski,
R. I. Romanov, V. Yu. Fominski
The chemical state of MoSx catalytic layers and interfaces with p-type silicon (p-Si) and p-n-junction silicon (pn-Si) at various stages of the preparation and operation of photocathodes has been studied. The SiOxoxide layer formed at the interface noticeably suppressed the photocurrent for p-Si cathodes, but its removal in HF solution provided high photocurrents exceeding the values characteristic of pn-Si cathodes at zero potential. Studies of the energy bands showed that at all stages (after the formation of the photocathode, pre- and post-treatment in acid solutions), the configuration of the energy bands for the p-Si and np-Si photocathodes provided charge transfer for the evolution of hydrogen according to the Z-scheme. The difference in the characteristics of the p-Si and pn-Si photocathodes was due to the possible dependence of the photovoltage in the p-Si surface layer on the state of the interface with the catalyst film, which had no effect on the photovoltage in pn-Si.
Keywords: amorphous molybdenum sulfide, silicon, photocathode, heterostructure, chemical state, interface, hydrogen evolution.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-11-5-15
Nevolin Vladimir — National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow, 115409 Kashirskoe sh., 31), Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, professor, specialist in the field of physics of thin-films and nanosystems. E-mail: vnnevolin@mephi.ru.
Rubinkovskaya Oksana — National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (31 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, 115409), PhD student, specialist in the field of production and research of semiconductor catalysts based on transition metal chalcogenides. E-mail:
ovrubinkovskaya@mephi.ru
Fominski Dmitry — National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow, 115409, Kashirskoye sh., 31), PhD (Eng), researcher, specialist in the field of pulsed laser deposition of thin films and nanostructures. E-mail: dmitryfominski@gmail.com.
Romanov Roman — National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow, 115409 Kashirskoe sh., 31), PhD (Phys-Math, researcher, specialist in the field of physical and chemical methods for obtaining and studying thin-film structures of various functional purposes. E-mail: limpo2003@mail.ru.
Fominski Vyacheslav Yu. — National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow, 115409, Kashirskoye sh., 31), Dr of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, professor, chief researcher, specialist in the field of physics of thin-films, nanostructures and beam technologies of surface modification. E-mail: vyfominskij@mephi.ru.
Cryogenically structured mimetic
of extracellular matrix based
on a concentrated collagen-containing solution
Yu. B. Basok, A. M. Grigoriev, V. I. Lozinsky,
L. A. Kirsanova, V. K. Kulakova,
E. A. Podorozhko, I. A. Novikov, V. I. Sevastianov
Viscoelastic hydrogels based on animal tissue extracts are considered promising biomimetics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) due to their proven effectiveness for stimulating the regeneration of the liver, pancreas and articular cartilage. Cryostructuring is an approach that makes it possible to give polymer scaffolds macroporosity and provide mechanical strength. preparation of a new macroporous cryogenically structured biomimetic of ECM based on a commercially available concentrated collagen-containing solution and evaluation of the possibilities of its application in tissue engineering. The target spongy collagen-containing material was obtained by sequential freezing of a concentrated collagen-containing solution, its subsequent lyophilization and chemical tanning by treatment with an alcohol solution of carbodiimide. The morphology of the cryostructured multicomponent collagen-containing material was studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using lanthanide contrast. The cytotoxicity of the scaffold was studied on the culture of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). Adhesion and proliferation of hADSCs on the scaffold surface were studied on the 7th day of cultivation. The compression modulus of elasticity of the obtained collagen–containing material in the swollen state in water was 35,3 ± 2,2 kPa, the total water-holding capacity of the material was 45.80 ± 0.46 ml/g of polymer, and the degree of swelling of the walls of macropores was 3.99 ± 0.31 ml/g. During SEM examination and histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin, a broad-pored structure was observed on the surface and cross-section of the disc. The pores in the upper part are larger (the average diameter is not less than ~ 30 µm) than the pores in the lower part of the sponge (the average diameter is not more than ~ 30 µm) due to the occurrence of a vertical temperature gradient. The matrix did not have cytotoxicity relative to the hADSCs. In the sample, active proliferation of hADSCs was observed on the surface of the scaffold. It was shown that the developed cryostructurates based on a concentrated collagen-containing solution had supermacroporosity and a compression modulus of elasticity of 35.3 ± 2.2 kPa. The absence of cytotoxicity and the ability to maintain adhesion and proliferation of hADSCs indicate the possibility of using cryogenically structured biomimetic of the extracellular matrix in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Keywords: cryostructuring, extracellular matrix, biomimetic, cell carrier, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-11-16-27
Basok Yulia — V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (123182, Moscow, Sсhukinskaya street, 1), Doctor of Science in Biology, the Head of the Department for Biomedical Technology and Tissue Engineering, specialist in biomaterials, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug delivery systems. E-mail: bjb2005@mail.ru.
Grigoriev Alexey — V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (123182, Moscow, Sсhukinskaya street, 1), PhD (Biology), senior researcher fellow of Department for biomedical technology and tissue engineering, specialist in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. E-mail: bear-38@yandex.ru.
Lozinsky Vladimir — A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (119991, Moscow, Vavilova str., 28, building 1), Doctor of Science in chemistry, professor, the Head of the laboratory of cryochemistry of (bio) polymers. E-mail: loz@ineos.ac.ru.
Kirsanova Ludmila — V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (123182, Moscow, Sсhukinskaya street, 1), PhD (Biology), senior researcher fellow of the Department for biomedical technology and tissue engineering, specialist in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. E-mail: lyudochkakirsanova@mail.ru.
Kulakova Valentina — A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (119991,Moscow, Vavilova str., 28, building 1), junior researcher fellow of the laboratory of cryochemistry of (bio) polymers. E-mail: kulakova@ineos.ac.ru.
Podorozhko Elena — A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (119991, Moscow, Vavilova str., 28, building 1), PhD (Engineering), senior research fellow of the laboratory of cryochemistry of (bio) polymers. E-mail: epodorozhko@mail.ru.
Novikov Ivan — Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases (119021, Moscow, Rossolimo str., 11A, B), senior research fellow of the laboratory of fundamental research in ophthalmology, specialist in scanning electron microscopy. E-mail: ivan.a.novikov@gmail.com.
Sevastianov Viktor — The Institute of Biomedical Research and Technology (123557, Moscow, B. Tishinsky lane, 43/20, building 2), Head; V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (123182, Moscow, Sсhukinskaya street, 1), Main Expert of Department of scientific and medical personnel training), professor, Doctor of Science in Biology; specialist in biomaterials, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug delivery systems. E-mail: viksev@yandex.ru.
Study of promising carbon sorbents obtained
by high-temperature activation in the purification
of aqueous solutions from dyes
E. S. Mkrtchyan, A. A. Popova, I. N. Shubin
The paper presents the results of studies conducted to determine the sorption capacity of a highly porous carbon material obtained by implementing two activation options - high-temperature alkaline activation and activation with additional processing of the material with steam. As a result, the obtained activated highly porous carbon material had a specific surface area of 2600 – 2700 m2/g and a pore volume of more than 1.3 cm3/g. A high sorption activity was established with respect to organic dyes — methylene blue (carbonizate = 1075 mg/g; AC-1 = 1865 mg/g; AC-2 = 2010 mg/g) and sunset (carbonizate = 66 mg/g; AC-1 = 934 mg/g; AC-2 = 972 mg/g). As a result of kinetic studies, the time of onset of sorption equilibrium for the studied sorbents was determined from 15 to 30 minutes. The obtained kinetic data were processed by pseudo-first and -second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo-second order model has the highest determination coefficients R2(when removing methylene blue dye molecules: AC-2 R2 = 1; AC-1 R2 = 1; carbonizate R2 = 0.9999; when removing sunset dye molecules: AC-2 R2 = 1; AC-1; R2 = 0.9999; carbonizate R2 = 0.9994). It has been established that a chemical interaction occurs between the dye molecules and the functional groups of the sorbent. As a result of research, it was found that activated carbon material can be a highly effective absorber of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions.
Keywords: Activated carbon material, adsorption, carbon sorbent, high-temperature activation.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-11-28-38
Mkrtchyan Elina — Tambov State Technical University (392000, Tambov, Sovetskaya st., 106), junior researcher, sorption specialist. E-mail: elina.mkrtchyan@yandex.ru.
Popova Alena — Tambov State Technical University (392000, Tambov, Sovetskaya st., 106), JSC “PROGRESS” (398902, Lipetsk, Angarskaya st., 2), Ph.D., specialist in the field of chemical technologies and nanotechnologies. E-mail: alyona.popova.93@list.ru.
Shubin Igor — Tambov State Technical University (392000, Tambov, Sovetskaya St., 106), Ph.D., Associate Professor, specialist in the field of chemical technologies and nanotechnologies. E-mail: i.shubin77@yandex.ru.
New silicon-rich mineral based materials
and their use for remediation
of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil
E. A. Bocharnikova, D. V. Demin, V. V. Matichenkov
Silicon (Si)-rich minerals are widely used in agriculture and ecology, in particular, for remediation of contaminated soils and restoration of soil fertility. But natural minerals are commonly low efficient, resulting in high application rate. The performance of Si-based materials is largely determined by the supply of active Si forms, primarily water-soluble monosilicic acid. The effect of different modes of heat treatment on the efficacy of zeolite, diatomite and marl as a source of active Si forms was studied. Heating at 500 – 700 °С provided sharp increase in the water- and acid-extractable Si. The highest increases were observed at 30 min heating at 500 °С and 15-min heating at 700 °С. A further increase in temperature up to 1000°Сor at heating time more than 15 min at 700 °С led to decreasing active Si. In vegetation test conducted with sand polluted by mixture of used engine oil and diesel fuel, heat-activated marl (EcoFlora) facilitated a decrease in petroleum hydrocarbons from 3 to 0.5 % over 4 weeks. In addition, the wheat tolerance to hydrocarbon-induced toxicity was enhanced, which was evidenced by increased seed germination from 35 to 85 %, plant weight (by 200 – 500 %), and the content of photosynthetic pigments in wheat leaves (by 20 – 40 %).
Key words:pollution, silicon, wheat, hydrocarbons, thermal treatment.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-11-39-48
Bocharnikova Elena — Institute Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy Sciences (Pushchino, 142290, Institutskaya Str., 2); All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (143050, Moscow region, Odintsovo district, Bolshye Vyazemy settlement, Institute str., possession 5), PhD, senior researcher, specialist in the field of soil chemistry. E-mail:
mswk@rambler.ru.
Demin Dmitry — Institute Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy Sciences (Pushchino, 142290, Institutskaya Str., 2); All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (143050, Moscow region, Odintsovo district, Bolshye Vyazemy settlement, Institute str., possession 5), PhD, senior researcher, specialist in the field of soil chemistry. E-mail: mswk@rambler.ru.
Matichenkov Vladimir —Institute Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy Sciences (Pushchino, 142290, Institutskaya Str., 2); All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (143050, Moscow region, Odintsovo district, Bolshye Vyazemy settlement, Institute str., possession 5), Dr Sci, leading research worker, specialist in the field of soil chemistry. E-mail: vvmatichenkov@yandex.ru.
Obtaining and studying in situ composite material
“chitosan-titanium dioxide” for agriculture
A. S. Baikin, A. A. Melnikova, K. S. Sergeeva,
A. S. Baryshev, R.V. Pobedonostsev, M. A. Kaplan,
D. D. Baranova, V. M. Andreevskaya, S. V. Zhelezova,
A. G. Kolmakov, M. A. Sevostyanov
In the course of the study, granules of the composite material “chitosan - titanium dioxide” with different content of titanium dioxide nanoparticles for agricultural use were obtained. The average granule diameter was 35 mm. It is shown that a change in the concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a composite material within the studied limits does not affect the structure of its surface. Experiments were carried out in situ on the seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). It was noted that during the first three weeks, the composite material has an inhibitory effect on plant growth, and then, after the beginning of the dissolution of the granules, it has a growth-stimulating effect. The best growth rates were observed when two granules of a composite material were added to the soil with a ratio of chitosan to titanium dioxide of 3 to 1. It was concluded that the obtained granules of a composite material can have a positive effect on the processes of plant growth and formation.
Keywords:Chitosan, titanium dioxide, composite material, agriculture, bioprotector, in situ, Cucumis sativus.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-11-49-56
Baikin Alexander — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), PhD, researcher, specialist in the field of titanium alloys, polymer composite materials. E-mail: baikinas@mail.ru, author for correspondence
Melnikova Alexandra — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49); All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (143050, Moscow region, Odintsovo district, Bolshie Vyazemy settlement, Institute str., possession 5), senior laboratory assistant, specialist in the field of polymer composite materials, E-mail: alsomiller@gmail.com.
Sergeeva Ksenia — All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (143050, Moscow region, Odintsovo district, Bolshie Vyazemy, Institute St., possession 5), technologist, specialist in the field of plant physiology and biotechnology. E-mail: ponydero@mail.ru.
Baryshev Alexey — Federal Research Center “Institute of General Physics named after. A.M. Prokhorov Russian Academy of Sciences” (IOF RAS, Russia, Moscow, st. Vavilova, 38), PhD, acting junior researcher, specialist in the field of laser physics, research into the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles, nanotechnology. E-mail: aleksej.baryshev@gmail.com.
Pobedonostsev Roman — Federal Research Center “Institute of General Physics named after. A.M. Prokhorov Russian Academy of Sciences” (IOF RAS, Russia, Moscow, st. Vavilova, 38), junior researcher, specialist in the field of nanoparticles, plasma-activated water (PAW), plant physiology and biotechnology. E-mail: pobedonoscevroman@rambler.ru.
Kaplan Mikhail — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), PhD, junior researcher, specialist in the field of titanium alloys for medical purposes, powder metallurgy. E-mail:
misha279@yandex.ru.
Baranova Diana — All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (143050, Moscow region, Odintsovo district, Bolshiye Vyazemy, Institut str., property 5), senior laboratory assistant-researcher, specialist in the field of plant physiology and biotechnology. E-mail: nikaandreevskai@yandex.ru.
Andreevskaya Veronika — All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (143050, Moscow region, Odintsovo district, Bolshiye Vyazemy, Institut str., property 5), junior researcher, specialist in the field of plant physiology and biotechnology. E-mail: nikaandreevskai@yandex.ru.
Zhelezova Sofya — All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (143050, Moscow region, Odintsovo district, Bolshie Vyazemy, Institute St., possession 5), Dr Sciences, Agricultural, leading researcher, specialist in the field of plant physiology and biotechnology. E-mail: soferrum@mail.ru.
Kolmakov Alexey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr Sci (Eng), head of the laboratory, specialist in the field of composite materials and nanomaterials. E-mail: imetranlab10@mail.ru.
Sevostyanov Mikhail — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospekt, 49); All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (143050, Moscow region, Odintsovo district, Bolshie Vyazemy settlement, Institute str., possession 5), PhD, leading researcher, specialist in the field of composite materials and nanomaterials. E-mail: cmakp@mail.ru.
The synthesis and magnetic hysteresis properties
of aluminum doped powder isotropic hard
magnetic Fe – Cr – Co alloy
A. S. Ustyukhin, V. A. Zelensky, I. M. Milyaev,
M. I. Alymov, A. A. Ashmarin,
A. B. Ankudinov, K. V. Sergienko
In the present work, hard magnetic Fe – 30 Cr – 20 Co alloys with aluminum doping in an amount of 1 wt. % were obtained. Two different sources of aluminum were used: elemental aluminum powder and iron-chromium-aluminum alloying composition. Density studies have shown that the addition of aluminum increases the porosity of the material from 2 – 3 % to 4.5 – 7 %. The greatest porosity was observed when using the alloying composition. Differences were found in the pore structure after sintering under the same conditions depending on the aluminum source. When using the alloying composition, the pores have a branched shape, which indicates incomplete sintering. When using elemental aluminum powder, the pores are more evenly distributed, and their shape becomes closer to spherical. According to the XRD results, when using the alloying composition the material contains traces of non-magnetic γ and σ phases after a complete treatment cycle. Studies of the magnetic properties have shown that aluminum doping of the Fe – 30 Cr – 20 Co alloy does not lead to an increase in the values. When using the alloying composition, magnetic properties, mainly the residual induction (Br), are decreased. The alloys studied in the present work turned out to be sensitive to heat treatment conditions. Optimum values of magnetic properties when using the alloying composition: Br = 0.66 T, Hc = 43.2 kA/m and (BH)max= 10.2 kJ/m3; and when using elemental powder: Br= 0.85 T, Hc = 46.7 kA/m and (BH)max = 15.1 kJ/m3. The alloys studied in the work during compression tests were deformed without destruction up to the maximum degree of deformation ε = 17.5 – 20 % and have high values of the yield strength σ0.2 = 1050 – 1250 MPa.
Keywords: powder metallurgy, Fe – Cr – Co alloys, porosity, heat treatment, magnetic hysteresis properties, mechanical properties.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-11-57-68
Ustyukhin Alexey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy & Materials Science, RAS (Leninskii Prospekt 49, Moscow 119334), PhD (Eng), junior researcher, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy and nanomaterials. E-mail: fcbneo@yandex.ru.
Zelensky Victor — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy & Materials Science, RAS (Leninskii Prospekt 49, Moscow 119334), PhD (Phys and Math), leading researcher, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy and nanomaterials. E-mail: zelensky55@bk.ru.
Milyaev Igor — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy & Materials Science, RAS (Leninskii Prospekt 49, Moscow 119334), Dr Sci (Eng), leading researcher, specialist in the field of materials science and hard magnetic materials. E-mail: imilyaev@mail.ru
Alymov Mikhail — Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences (Academician Osipyan str., 8, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432), director of Institute, professor, corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy and nanomaterials. E-mail: alymov.mi@gmail.com.
Ashmarin Artem — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy & Materials Science, RAS (Leninskii Prospekt 49, Moscow 119334), head of laboratory, PhD (Eng), specialist in the field of X-ray diffraction studies. E-mail: ashmarin_artem@list.ru.
Ankudinov Alexey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy & Materials Science, RAS (Leninskii Prospekt 49, Moscow 119334), senior researcher, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy and nanomaterials. E-mail: a-58@bk.ru.
Sergienko Konstantin — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy & Materials Science, RAS (Leninskii Prospekt 49, Moscow 119334), junior researcher, specialist in the field of titanium alloys metallurgy. E-mail: shulf@ya.ru.
Modification of polyvinyltrimethylsilane
films by the 40 kHz
glow discharge plasma
A. V. Zinoviev, M. S. Piskarev, A. B. Gilman,
E. A. Skryleva, B. R. Senatulin, A. K. Gatin,
D. A. Syrtsova, V. V. Teplyakov, A. A. Kuznetsov
The process of polyvinyltrimethylsilane films surface modification by the low temperature low-pressure 40 kHz discharge with a filtered atmospheric air as a working gas has been studied. .It was found that the plasma treatment the surface of the samples acquired a stable hydrophilicity property. The chemical structure of the original and modified films was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the morphology was studied by atomic force microscopy It was shown that the discharge treatment leads to increase in surface roughness and the formation of SiOx layer on the surface, however, to a lesser extent than after processing by direct current discharge. The study of the gas transport properties of the modified samples showed that the selectivity for the O2/N2 pair is somewhat lower than that of the films treated by direct current discharge, but at the same time, the gas separation parameters are more stable over time.
Keywords: polyvinyltrimethylsilane, surface modification, low temperature plasma, 40 kHz discharge, hydrophilicity, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, SiOx, gas permeability, selectivity.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-11-69-79
Zinoviev Alexander —Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials Russian Academy of Siences (Moscow, 117393, Profsoyuznaya str, 70), graduate student.
Piskarev Mikhail —Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials Russian Academy of Siences (Moscow, 117393, Profsoyuznaya str, 70), PhD polymer chemistry, senior researcher.
Gilman Alla — Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials Russian Academy of Siences (Moscow, 117393, Profsoyuznaya str, 70), PhD (Chem), senior researcher, associated professor, polymer chemistry, plasma chemistry. E-mail: plasma@ispm.ru,
gilmanab@gmail.com.
Skryleva Elena — National University of Science and Technology MISIS (Moscow, 119049, Leninsky Av., 4), leading engineer, XPS of polymers.
Senatulin Boris — National University of Science and Technology MISIS (Moscow, 119049, Leninsky Av., 4), engineer, XPS of polymers.
Gatin Andrei — Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119991 Kosygin Str., 4), senior researcher, PhD polymer physics.
Syrtsova Daria — Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS (Moscow, 119991, Leninsky Av., 29), PhD, polymer chemistry senior researcher.
Teplyakov Vladimir — Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS (Moscow, 119991, Leninsky Av., 29), PhD, Doctor of Chemical sciences, professor, polymer chemistry.
Kuznetsov Alexander — Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials Russian Academy of Siences (Moscow, 117393, Profsoyuznaya str, 70), Doctor of Chemical sciences, professor, polymer chemistry, laboratory manager.
Methods for Studying the electrophysical
characteristics of epitaxial layers of solid layers
n/p- types of the InxGa1 – xAs
for large area device structures
N. D. Platonov, A. A. Lebedev, V. L. Matukhin,
A. A. Smirnov, A. F. Ivanov
The production of epitaxial layers requires the search for simple, technologically advanced and accurate methods for assessing the basic properties of layers and compositions made from them. The issue is especially acute for developers of multistage photovoltaic converters (PVCs) for space applications, which are distinguished by a complex heterostructure, including 5 or more p-n junctions and a large area. The work carried out a search for an optimal method for studying the electrical characteristics of thin semiconductor layers of the n/p-InxGa1-xAs type with different doping levels. The main task is to measure the basic electrical characteristics in various ways: resistivity (conductivity), concentration of the main charge carriers, the dependence of the main electrical parameters on the type and level of doping and their comparison. Using the example of p- and n-type In0.01Ga0.99As solid solutions obtained by MOS-hydride epitaxy, a technique for studying the main electrical characteristics of epitaxial layers is proposed, taking into account the assessment of homogeneity on large-area samples. A comparison of the results obtained by various methods is presented: photoluminescence, non-contact measurement of surface resistance, Van der Pauw (Hall effect) and capacitance-voltage (electrochemical profiling (ECP), in situ control methods. Based on the results obtained and comparison with literature data, conclusions are drawn about the need, sufficiency and complementarity of methods for monitoring and studying semiconductor epitaxial structures.
Key words: photoelectric converter (PVC), semiconductor layers, epitaxial layer (EL), resistivity, conductivity, majority charge carrier concentration (MCC), doping level.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-11-80-91
Platonov Nikolai — Kazan State Power Engineering University (Kazan, 420066, Krasnoselskaya st. 51), postgraduate student of department of physics, scientific specialty semiconductor physics). E-mail: nickiplatonov@gmail.com.
Lebedev Andrey — JSC “Scientific and Production Enterprise “KVANT” (Moscow, 129626, 3rd Mytishchinskaya street, 16, building 26), head of the department of JSC “NPP “Kvant”, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (Moscow, 119049, Leninskiy Prospekt 4, NUST MISIS), senior lecturer of the Department of Semiconductor Electronics and Semiconductor Physics, a specialist in the field of creating promising solar cells for space purposes. E-mail: lebedev_aa@npp-kvant.ru.
Matukhin Vadim — Kazan State Power Engineering University (Kazan, 420066, Krasnoselskaya st. 51), Dr of Sci (Phys Math), professor of the department of physics, FGBOU KSUE, specialist in the field of nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy. E-mail: matukhinvl@mail.ru.
Smirnov Alexander — JSC “Scientific and Production Enterprise “KVANT” (Moscow, 129626, 3rd Mytishchinskaya street, 16, building 26), engineer-technologist of the 1st category of JSC NPP Kvant, a specialist in the field of creating promising solar cells for space purposes. E-mail: smirnov_aa@npp-kvant.ru.
Ivanov Alexander — Kazan State Power Engineering University (Kazan, 420066, Krasnoselskaya st. 51), postgraduate student of the department of physics, scientific specialty Semiconductor Physics). E-mail: ivanovaleksandrf@yandex.ru.
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