PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY
2022, No.2
Thixotropic polymercement concrete:
modeling, research, application
V. A. Poluektova, N. A. Shapovalov
The article describes methods currently used to measure the thixotropic properties of concrete. It represents the theoretical substantiation of the thixotropy process from the point of view of colloidal chemistry with the usage of the potential energy curve of interaction between particles. The choice of the mathematical model for the approximation of experimental results has been justified. The works deals with the simplest and most adequate thixotropy model of polymercement concrete (PC-concrete) for construction printing and self-compacting cast concrete (SCC). The Russel’s model is consistent with the results of other researchers of cement concrete mixtures, which can be found in the literature, and with the proposed classification of concrete by the flocculation rate Athix. The rheological regularities for highly concentrated polymercement dispersions experimentally received on the laboratory rheometer “Reotest 2.1” are matched with the predictions of the thixotropic model. The author of the article describes the possibility of this model usage for layer-by-layer concrete application when using additive technologies. It is shown that non-thixotropic concrete can be used for cast self-compacting concrete elements (low flocculation rate), but construction printing requires only thixotropic or highly thixotropic concrete (high flocculation speed). Polymercement concrete P/C = 0.1 is demonstrated as the most adapted material for using in construction additive technologies. The achievement of the required properties is due to the increase in thixotropic properties with simultaneous increase in adhesion between layers.
Keywords:polymercement concrete, dispersion, rheology, thixotropy model, flocculation.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-5-16
Poluektova Valentina —Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46 Kostyukova st., Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation), PhD (Eng), assistant professor, specialist in the area of chemical modification of highly-concentrated mineral and polymineral dispersions. E-mail: val.po@bk.ru.
Shapovalov Nickolai — Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46 Kostyukova st., Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation), Dr Sci (Eng), professor, specialist in the sphere of chemical modification of mineral building compositions.
Reference citing
Poluektova V.A., Shapovalov N.A. Tiksotropnyj polimercementnyj beton: modelirovanie, issledovanie, primenenie [Thixotropic polymercement concrete: modeling, research, application]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 2, pp. 5 – 16. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-5-16
Stability of permanent connection
of deformable high-temperature nickel based
and cast intermetallic alloys obtained
by pressure welding under superplasticity conditions
O. A. Bazyleva, V. A. Valitov, E. G. Arginbaeva,
N. S. Dmitriev, A. N. Raevskikh, E. V. Galieva
The article presents a study of welded joints of cast intermetallic single-crystal rhenium containing VKNA-25 alloy with crystallographic orientation [001] and deformable high-temperature disk nickel alloy EP975, depending on the parameters of pressure welding under superplasticity conditions and standart heat treatment for high-temperature disk nickel alloy with regulated single-phase cooling. The study was carries out for the interdendritic region. The results of X-ray micro-spectral analysis of a solid-phase joint in the welding zone and at distances of up to 140 μm are presented in comparison with the initial chemical composition of the alloys. Found that before and after heat treatment in the welding zone and near-weld zone particles of topologically cloth-packed phases are not observed. Balance of alloying is better maintained in deformable high-temperature disk nickel alloy EP975 and this is natural, since pressure under superplasticity conditions takes place due to the disk alloy and at cast intermetallic single-crystal alloy only diffusion processes take place. Thus, high-quality one-piece connection of a disk and a blade for blisk-type structures is feasible under superplasticity only of one deformable fine-grained disk alloy and it is relevant for blisk type constructions. Blade intermetallic alloy VKNA-25 keeps thermally stable single-crystal structure.
Keywords: cast intermetallic single-crystal, deformed disk, heat-resistant, electron density, solidphase joint, balance of alloying.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-17-28
Bazyleva Olga — All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE VIAM, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), PhD (Eng), deputy head of laboratory Ni-based superalloys, specialist in the field of intermetallic alloys based on Ni3Al. E-mail: intermetallidbaz@gmail.com.
Valitov Vener — Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences (IMSP RAS, 450001, RB, Ufa, Stepan Khalturin st., 39), Dr Sci (Eng), leading researcher, specialist in the field of materials science and technologies for deformation processing of heat-resistant nickel alloys. E-mail: Valitov_VA@mail.ru.
Arginbaeva Elvira —All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE VIAM, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), PhD (Eng), head of sector laboratory “Ni-based superalloys”, specialist in the field of intermetallic alloys based on Ni3Al. E-mail: elargin@mail.ru.
Dmitriev Nikita — All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE VIAM, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), engineer laboratory “Ni-based superalloys”, specialist in the field of intermetallic alloys based on Ni3Al. E-mail: superalloys3@gmail.com.
Raevskih Anton — All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE VIAM, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), engineer Laboratory of metallophizic research. E-mail:Raevskih_anton@me.com.
Elvina Galieva — Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences (IMSP RAS, 450001, RB, Ufa, Stepan Khalturin st., 39), junior researcher, specialist in the field of materials science and pressure welding of heat-resistant nickel alloys. E-mail: galieva_elvina_v@mail.ru.
Reference citing
Bazyleva O.A., Valitov V.A., Arginbaeva E.G., Dmitriev N.S., Raevskikh A.N., Galieva E.V. Stabil'nost' neraz"emnogo soedineniya iz zharoprochnyh deformiruemogo nikelevogo i litejnogo intermetallidnogo splavov, poluchennogo svarkoj davleniem v usloviyah sverhplastichnosti (CHast' II) [Stability of permanent connection of deformable high-temperature nickel based and cast intermetallic alloys obtained by pressure welding under superplasticity conditions]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 2, pp. 17 – 28. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-17-28
New method for obtaining ZnSb and Zn4Sb3
L. D. Ivanova, Yu. V. Granatkina, I. Yu. Nikhezina,
A. G. Malchev, M. I. Zaldastanishvili,
S. P. Krivoruchko, V. V. Novinkov, E. R. Shchedrov
A method for the synthesis of ZnSb and β-Zn4Sb3 compounds has been developed, using rapid crystallization of the melt on a rotating disk (melt spinning) to obtain powders. The microstructure and thermoelectric properties of samples obtained by hot pressing of powders prepared by this method are investigated. The microstructure, chips, and composition of the samples were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The nanoscale structure of the grains of the materials obtained has been established. Thermoelectric parameters: Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, in the temperature range 300 − 700 K were measured. The coefficient of thermoelectric figure of merit is calculated. The hot-pressed β-Zn4Sb3samples from granules, prepared by melt spinning had the highest figure of merit ZТ= 1,0 at 600 K.
Keywords: melt spinning, hot pressing, microstructure, thermoelectric properties.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-29-38
Ivanova Lidia — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Sciences RAS (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky prospect, 49), PhD (Eng), leading researcher, specialist in the field of semiconductor materials science, technologies for obtaining and researching thermoelectric materials. E-mail: ivanova@imet.ac.ru.
Granatkina Julia — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Sciences RAS (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky prospect, 49), researcher, specialist in the field of semiconductor materials science and research of properties of thermoelectric materials. E-mail: granat@imet.ac.ru.
Nikhezina Irina — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Sciences RAS (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky prospect, 49), researcher, specialist in the field of semiconductor materials science and research of properties of thermoelectric materials. E-mail: nihezina@imet.ac.ru.
Malchev Alexey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Sciences RAS (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky prospect, 49), junior researcher, specialist in the field of semiconductor materials science and research of properties of thermoelectric materials. E-mail: malchev@imet.ac.ru.
Krivoruchko Sergey — Sukhumi Institute of Physics and Technology of Abkhazia Academy of Sciences (384990, Abkhazia, Sukhum, Sinop, Kodori highway, 665), head of laboratory; LLC “Era-Istok” (384990, Abkhazia, Sukhum, Sinop, Kodori highway, 665), specialist in physics and technology of thermoelectric materials. E-mail: sfti-era@mail.ru.
Zaldastanishvili Merab — Sukhumi Institute of Physics and Technology of Abkhazia Academy of Sciences (384990, Abkhazia, Sukhum, Sinop, Kodori highway, 665), Deputy head of laboratory; LLC “Era-Istok” (384990, Abkhazia, Sukhum, Sinop, Kodori highway, 665), specialist in physics and technology of thermoelectric materials. E-mail: sfti-era@mail.ru.
Novinkov Vladimir — Sukhumi Institute of Physics and Technology of Abkhazia Academy of Sciences (384990, Abkhazia, Sukhum, Sinop, Kodori highway, 665), head of laboratory; LLC “Era-Istok” (384990, Abkhazia, Sukhum, Sinop, Kodori highway, 665), specialist in physics and technology of thermoelectric materials. E-mail: sfti-era@mail.ru.
Shchedrov Evgeny — Sukhumi Institute of Physics and Technology of Abkhazia Academy of Sciences (384990, Abkhazia, Sukhum, Sinop, Kodori highway, 665), Deputy head of laboratory; LLC “Era-Istok” (384990, Abkhazia, Sukhum, Sinop, Kodori highway, 665), specialist in physics and technology of thermoelectric materials. E-mail: sfti-era@mail.ru.
Reference citing
Ivanova L.D., Granatkina Yu.V., Nikhezina I.Yu., Malchev A.G., Zaldastanishvili M.I., Krivoruchko S.P., Novinkov V.V., Shchedrov E.R. Novyj metod polucheniya ZnSb i Zn4Sb3 [New method for obtaining ZnSb and Zn4Sb3]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 2, pp. 29 – 38. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-29-38
Temperature dependences of elastic
Young’s modulus and internal friction
of 12 % chromium ferritic-martensitic
steels EK-181 and EP-823
with different heat treatment modes
K. A. Moroz, V. M. Chernov, M. V. Leontieva-Smirnova,
E. M. Mozhanov
The elastic (Young’s moduli) and relaxation (amplitude-independent internal friction) properties of ferritic-martensitic 12 % chromium steels EK-181 (low-activated) and EP-823, depending on their heat treatment modes (THT — traditional, CHT — combined) were investigated by the method of dynamic mechanical spectroscopy in the low-frequency range (0.5 – 30.0 Hz) and the temperature range 25 – 400 °С. Temperature, frequency and amplitude dependences of Young’s moduli and internal friction have been determined. Frequency and amplitude independence of elastic moduli is observed. The values of Young’s moduli depend on their modes of heat treatment of steels (THT, CHT) and for EK-181 steel is always higher than for EP-823 steel. The temperature dependences (spectra) of internal friction in steels for different modes of their heat treatment and at different frequencies almost monotonically increase with increasing temperature. Relaxation peaks are practically absent (within the measurement accuracy), which determines the practical absence of solid interstitial solutions (C, O, N) in the studied steels.
Keywords:ferritic-martensitic 12% chromium steels EK-181 and EP-823, heat treatment modes, dynamical mechanical spectroscopy, microstructure, elastic moduli (Young’s), internal friction, temperature, frequency and amplitude characteristics, solid solutions (C, O, N).
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-39-47
Moroz Kirill — SC A.A. Bochvar High-technology Research Institute of Inorganic Materials (SC “VNIINM”, Moscow, 123098, www.bochvar.ru), engineer-technology, specialist in physics of solid state, material science and mechanical dynamical spectroscopy. E-mail: kirill.moroz.92@mail.ru.
Chernov Viacheslav — SC A.A. Bochvar High-technology Research Institute of Inorganic Materials (SC “VNIINM”, Moscow, 123098, www.bochvar.ru), Dr. Sci., prof, chief scientist; NRNU MEPhI, professor; specialist in physics of solid state and material science. E-mail: soptimizmom@mail.ru, VMChernov@mephi.ru.
Leontieva-Smirnova Maria — SC A.A. Bochvar High-technology Research Institute of Inorganic Materials (SC “VNIINM”, Moscow, 123098, www.bochvar.ru), Dr. Sci., department chief, specialist in material science and steel technology. E-mail: MVLeontieva-Smirnova@bochvar.ru.
Mozhanov Evgeny — SC A.A. Bochvar High-technology Research Institute of Inorganic Materials (SC “VNIINM”, Moscow, 123098, www.bochvar.ru), senior scientist, specialist in material science and steel technology. E-mail: EMMozhanov@bochvar.ru.
Reference citing
Moroz K.A., Chernov V.M., Leontieva-Smirnova M.V., Mozhanov E.M. Temperaturnye zavisimosti uprugih modulej YUnga i vnutrennego treniya 12 %-h hromistyh ferritno-martensitnyh stalej EK-181 i EP-823 s raznymi rezhimami termoobrabotki [Temperature dependences of elastic Young’s modulus and internal friction of 12 % chromium ferritic-martensitic steels EK-181 and EP-823 with different heat treatment modes]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 2, pp. 39 – 47. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-39-47
Electro-contact material based
on copper powder clad
with Fe – Cu pseudo-alloy
A. G. Meilakh, Yu. V. Kontsevoy, E. Yu. Goida,
A. B. Shubin
By pressing, rolling and sintering, a composite material (CM) based on copper powder clad with Fe-Cu pseudo-alloy (PA) was created for the working layer of two-layer ruptured electrical contacts. Powder of activated carbon (CA) with a surface of 1000 m2/g served as the arc suppression component. Highly dispersed powders of Al2O3, Fe2Al5, and Fe were also used as additional components. Experimental linear dependences of the conductivity and hardness of copper-based composites on the concentration of individual functional additives have been established. With the addition of mixtures of additional components, CMs were obtained for the working layer of the contact with the following characteristics: electrical resistance — 3.2 – 4.5 μOhm·cm, hardness HB — 790 – 1030 MPa. For a given conductivity of a two-layer contact, which is ≥ 75 % of the conductivity of copper, the dependence of the maximum allowable resistivity of theworking layer (ρ) on the ratio of its thickness to the thickness of the copper layer is calculated. The optimal chemical composition of the working layer of the contact has been determined — 97 % Cu + 1 % CA+ 2 % PA, providing high hardness 1030 MPa and electrical resistance 3.2 μOhm·cm. These characteristics allow creating an electrical contact with a ratio of the thickness of the working and copper layer equal to 1:1.
Keywords:powder, composite material, breaking electrical contact, working layer, sintering, rolling, electromechanical properties.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-1-48-54
Meilakh Anna — Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterinburg, 620016, Amundsen str., 101), Dr Sci (Eng), senior researcher, specialist in the field of powder materials science, synthesis of metal and composite powders and materials, activated sintering. E-mail: meilach_imet@mail.ru.
Kontsevoy Yuri — Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterinburg, 620016, Amundsen St., 101), PhD (Eng), senior researcher, specialist in the field of structure, physico-chemical and mechanical properties of composite materials under the influence of deformation, thermal and dynamic loads. E-mail: kuv.45@mail.ru.
Goida Eduard — Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterinburg, 620016, Amundsen St., 101), PhD (Eng), researcher, specialist in the field of physical chemistry of composite materials based on molten copper.
Shubin Alexey — Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterinburg, 620016, Amundsen str., 101), Dr Sci (Chem), head of laboratory, specialist in the field of chemical thermodynamics, structure of metal melts, alloys, rare and scattered elements: scandium, gallium. E-mail: fortran@list.ru.
Reference citing
Meilakh A.G., Kontsevoy Yu.V., Goida E.Yu., Shubin A.B. Elektrokontaktnyj material na osnove mednogo poroshka, plakirovannogo Fe – Cu psevdosplavom [Electro-contact material based on copper powder clad with Fe – Cu pseudo-alloy]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 2, pp. 48 – 54. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-1-48-54
Synthesis of high-temperature ceramics
based on hafnium carbide using
an oxidative constructing approach
G. P. Kochanov, I. A. Kovalev, A. I. Ogarkov,
S. V. Shevtsov, A. A. Konovalov, A. A. Ashmarin,
A. V. Shokodko, A. I. Sitnikov, S. S. Strelnikova,
A. S. Chernyavskii, K. A. Solntsev
Ceramics based on hafnium carbide of a given shape have been synthesized by direct carbidization of rolled hafnium in a hydrocarbon atmosphere. Excess carbon resulting from high-temperature pyrolysis of hydrocarbons forms on the surface of ceramic hafnium carbide an easily detachable layer consisting of graphite with an admixture of amorphous carbon. The final formation of ceramics occurs at a temperature of 2400 °C in an atmosphere of an inert gas — argon. The phase composition and structure of the synthesized ceramics are characterized.
Keywords: hafnium carbide, carbidization, oxidative constructing, ceramics, refractory material.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-55-61
Kochanov German — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), junior researcher, expert in the field of materials science and inorganic chemistry. E-mail: guerman-v@yandex.ru.
Kovalev Ivan — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), PhD (Chem), senior researcher, expert in the field of materials science and inorganic chemistry. E-mail: vankovalskij@mail.ru.
Ogarkov Aleksandr — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), junior researcher, expert in the field of inorganic chemistry and materials science. E-mail: ogarkov_al@rambler.ru.
Shevtsov Sergey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), PhD (Chem), senior researcher, expert in the field of materials science. E-mail: shevtsov_sv@mail.ru.
Konovalov Anatoly — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), PhD (Chem), leading researcher, expert specialist in the field of materials science and inorganic chemistry. E-mail: ak357@rambler.ru.
Ashmarin Artem — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), PhD (Eng), leading researcher, expert in the field of X-ray phase analysis and materials science. E-mail: ashmarin_artem@list.ru.
Shokod’ko Alexander — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), PhD (Eng), senior researcher, expert in the field of materials science. E-mail: shokodjko@rambler.
Sitnikov Alexey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), PhD (Eng), leading researcher, expert in the field of inorganic chemistry and materials science. E-mail: alexei.sitnikov@gmail.com.
Strelnikova Svetlana — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), PhD (Eng), senior researcher, expert in the field of materials science and inorganic chemistry. E-mail: Strelnikova9372@gmail.com.
Chernyavsky Andrey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), PhD (Eng), leading researcher, expert in the field of inorganic chemistry and materials science. E-mail: andreych_01@mail.ru.
Solntsev Konstantin — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), Dr. Sci. (Chem), professor, academician of the Russian academy of sciences, scientific Director of institute, expert in the field of inorganic chemistry and materials science. E-mail: imet@imet.ac.ru.
Reference citing
Kochanov G.P., Kovalev I.A., Ogarkov A.I., Shevtsov S.V., Konovalov A.A., Ashmarin A.A., Shokodko A.V., Sitnikov A.I., Strelnikova S.S., Chernyavskii A.S., Solntsev K.A. Sintez vysokotemperaturnoj keramiki na osnove karbida gafniya s primeneniem podhoda okislitel'nogo konstruirovaniya [Synthesis of high-temperature ceramics based on hafnium carbide using an oxidative constructing approach]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 2, pp. 55 – 61. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-55-61
Streamer discharge plasma generator
V. S. Syssoev, M. Y. Naumova, Y. A. Kuznetsov,
A. I. Orlov, D. I. Sukharevsky,
L. M. Makalsky, A. V. Kukhno
A description of the developed nanosecond high-voltage generator of low-temperature plasma based on a volume streamer discharge is given. Plasma is formed in a high-voltage three-electrode gap, one of which is at a floating potential. Plasma is formed when a special switch is triggered, which connects a floating potential electrode, pre-charged with positive streamers, to a grounded electrode. The operation of the generator in a pulse-periodic mode greatly simplifies its application in experimental studies. Its design and electrical circuit are described. The main electrical characteristics and parameters of streamer plasma radiation in the optical and ultraviolet ranges are presented. An example of a specific application of a generator plasma for solving problems of water purification from metal ions (by the example of manganese) using electric discharge technology is given. The use of a low-temperature plasma of a streamer discharge for experimental research in the field of propagation of an ultrahigh-frequency (microwave) signal in an ionized region of the atmosphere (thunderstorm cell) is described.
Keywords:low-temperature streamer discharge plasma, high-voltage plasma generator, electric-discharge technology for purification of aqueous solutions, electrical characteristics of a corona streamer discharge, streamer radiation in the optical, ultraviolet and radio ranges.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-62-69
Syssoev Vladimir — Russian Federal Nuclear Center — Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF, Istra, 143502, Zavodskaya, 5), PhD (Eng), head of the ultra-high voltage group, specialist in the field of pulse technology, ecology, aerosol optics, lightning protection, lightning physics. E-mail: v.s.sysoev@vniitf.ru, syssoev467@mail.ru.
Naumova Maria — Russian Federal Nuclear Center — Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF, Istra, 143502, Zavodskaya, 5), engineer, specialist in the field of radio engineering, gas discharge physics. E-mail: vladis5349@mail.ru.
Kuznetsov Yuri — Russian Federal Nuclear Center — Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF, Istra, 143502, Zavodskaya, 5), specialist in the field of radio engineering, radiophysics, gas discharge. E-mail: kuznec@inbox.ru.
Orlov Alesandr — Russian Federal Nuclear Center — Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF, Istra, 143502, Zavodskaya, 5), PhD (Eng), leading researcher, specialist in the field of high voltage technology. E-mail: a.i. orlov42@vniitf.ru.
Sukharevsky Dmitry — Russian Federal Nuclear Center — Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF, Istra, 143502, Zavodskaya, 5), senior researcher, specialist in the field of high voltage technology. E-mail: dimsuch@mail.ru.
Makalskiy Leonid — National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” (MPEI, Krasnokazarmennaya 14, Moscow, Russia 111250), PhD, leading researcher, specialist in the field of environmental engineering, high voltage technology. E-mail:mak1306@mail.ru.
Kukhno Andrey — National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” (MPEI, Krasnokazarmennaya 14, Moscow, Russia 111250), post-graduate student, specialist in the field of high voltage technology. E-mail: avkuhno@mail.ru.
Reference citing
Syssoev V.S., Naumova M.Y., Kuznetsov Y.A., Orlov A.I., Sukharevsky D.I., Makalsky L.M., Kukhno A.V. Generator plazmy strimernogo razryada [Streamer discharge plasma generator]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 2, pp. 62 – 69. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-62-69
Study of the impurity composition
of isotope enriched german 70GeH4
by the method of gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry
A. Yu. Sozin, V. A. Krylov, O. Yu. Chernova,
T. G. Sorochkina, A. D. Bulanov,
O. Yu. Troshin, S. A. Adamchik, A. Yu. Lashkov
For the first time, the impurity composition of isotopically enriched germane 70GeH4has been studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. To separate impurities, we used a GS-GasPro capillary adsorption column 60 m × 0,32 mm with silica gel as a sorbent, GS-CarbonPLOT 25 m × 0,32 mm × 0,25 μm with a carbon sorbent and 25 m × 0,26 mm × 0,25 μm with sorbent polytrimethylsilylpropine. It has been shown that their use makes it possible to achieve a high resolution of the chromatographed substances. The identification of impurities was carried out by comparing their mass spectra with the data of the NIST library. Gases are found in germane, which are part of the atmosphere, C1 – C7 hydrocarbons, chlorine and oxygenated hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing substances, homologues and alkyl derivatives of germane. As a result of studying the composition of their mass spectra, the mass spectra of impurities 70GeC3H10and 70GeC4H12, which are absent in the literature sources, were obtained and described for the first time. Concentrations of impurities in high-purity germane, as well as their distribution over fractions isolated during its rectification purification, have been determined. The detection limits of the identified substances were 2·10–7 – 1·10–4 mol. %.
Keywords:isotopically enriched germane, identification, impurities, mass spectra, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-70-82
Sozin Andrei — G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Tropinina Str., 49), Dr Sci (Chem.), senior researcher, research interests – analytical chemistry. E-mail: Sozin@ihps-nnov.ru.
Krylov Valentin —Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, avenue Gagarina, 23), Dr Sci (Chem.), professor of the department of analytical and medical chemistry, specialist in the field of analytical chemistry. E-mail: k658995@mail.ru.
Chernova Olga — G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Tropinina Str., 49), leading engineer, research interests – analytical chemistry. E-mail: Chernova@ihps-nnov.ru.
Sorochkina Tatyana — G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Tropinina Str., 49), PhD (Chem.), senior researcher, research interests – analytical chemistry. E-mail: Sorochkina@ihps-nnov.ru.
Bulanov Andrey — G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Tropinina Str., 49), Dr Sci (Chem), director, specialist in the field of chemistry and technology of high-purity substances and materials. E-mail: Bulanov@ihps-nnov.ru.
Troshin Oleg — G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Tropinina Str., 49), PhD (Chem.), senior researcher, specialist in the field of chemistry and technology of high-purity substances and materials. E–mail: troshin@ihps-nnov.ru.
Adamchik Sergey — G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Tropinina Str., 49), PhD (Chem.), associate director, specialist in the field of deep cleaning and analysis of substances. E–mail: asa@ihps-nnov.ru.
Lashkov Artem — G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Tropinina Str., 49), PhD (Chem.), senior researcher, specialist in the production of high-purity isotopically enriched substances. E–mail: lashkov@ihps-nnov.ru.
Reference citing
Sozin A.Yu., Krylov V.A., Chernova O.Yu., Sorochkina T.G., Bulanov A.D., Troshin O.Yu., Adamchik S.A., Lashkov A.Yu. Issledovanie primesnogo sostava izotopno obogashchennogo germana 70GeH4 metodom hromato-mass-spektrometrii [Study of the impurity composition of isotope enriched german 70GeH4 by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 2, pp. 70 – 82. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-2-70-82
