PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY
2022, No.12
Every, Blackman diagrams, Cauchy pressure
and analysis of elastic properties of the crystal
lattice of Ti49Ni51 (at. %) and TiNi – TiFe alloys
with and without martensitic transformations
S. A. Muslov, A. I. Lotkov, P. Yu. Sukhochev
In this paper, to analyze the elastic properties of Ti49Ni51 (at. %) and TiNi – TiFe crystals with and without martensitic transformations Every’s and Blackman’s diagrams are used as two ways to characterize the elastic properties of cubic materials. Paired correlations between the parameters (s2, s3), (s3, s1) и (F44, F12) are calculated. The evolution of the Cauchy pressure pC value depending on the content of iron atoms in the crystal lattice of alloys is considered. It is established that, regardless of the composition of the alloys, the Cauchy pressure is greater than zero and decreases almost monotonically from 100.5 to 35.0 GPa with an increase in the content of Fe atoms in the B2 crystal lattice of the TiNi – TiFe phase and an increase in its stability with respect to martensitic transformations (up to complete stabilization). This evolution of pCcorresponds to the data according to which a significant component of the bonding forces in TiNi is a metallic bond, and with an increase in the concentration of Fe atoms in alloys instead of Ni atoms and approaching the composition of TiFe, the proportion of the covalent component of the bonding forces increases.
Keywords: TiNi – TiFe, elastic constants, Every and Blackman diagrams, Cauchy pressure, martensitic transformations.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-5-11
Muslov Sergey — A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical Stomatological University (MSMSU, 127473 Moscow, Delegatskaya, 20, bd. 1), Dr Sci (Biolog), professor of the department of Normal Physiology and Medical Physics, specialist in the field of materials science of alloys with shape memory. E-mail: muslov@mail.ru.
Lotkov Aleksander — Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (634055, Tomsk, 2/4, pr. Akademicheskii), Dr Sci (Phys-Math), professor, head of material science laboratory of shape memory alloys, specialist in the field of physics of metals.
Sukhochev Pavel — Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics (119991, Moscow, GSP-1, Leninskie gory, 1), Researcher, specialist in the field of materials science.
Muslov S.A., Lotkov A.I., Sukhochev P.Yu. Diagrammy Everi, Blekmana, davlenie Koshi i analiz uprugih svojstv kristallicheskoj reshetki splavov Ti49Ni51 (at. %) i TiNi – TiFe s martensitnymi prevrashcheniyami i bez nih [Every, Blackman diagrams, Cauchy pressure and analysis of elastic properties of the crystal lattice of Ti49Ni51(at. %) and TiNi – TiFe alloys with and without martensitic transformations]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 12, pp. 5 – 11. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-5-11
Catalyst based on bentonite clay modified
with sodium metasilicate for heterogeneous
Fenton-Raff type process
T. V. Kon’kova, A. P. Rysev
Natural bentonite clay with a montmorillonite content of 98 %, modified with a solution of sodium metasilicate, has high catalytic activity in the reaction of oxidative degradation of organic azo dyes with hydrogen peroxide by the Fenton-Ruff mechanism in a neutral medium. The activity is due to the presence of iron cations contained in the structure of montmorillonite, as well as protonated silanol and aluminol groups on the surface of the edges of aluminosilicate layers, which are the acid centers of Brensted. The degree of conversion of azo dye from cinema blue with an initial concentration in a solution of 20 mg/l was 99 % in 4 – 6 minutes of contact, at room temperature. The resulting material is well filtered and can be recommended for wastewater treatment from organic substances.
Keywords: bentonite clay, montmorillonite, geterogeneous process of Fenton-Ruff, wastewater treatment.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-12-19
Kon’kova Tatiana — Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology (Moscow 125840,
ul. Geroev Panfilovtsev 20/1), Dr. Sci. (Eng), professor, Department of inorganic substances technology and electrochemical process, specialist in the field of heterogeneous catalysis and adsorption. E-mail: kontat@list.ru.
Rysev Anton — Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology (Moscow, 125840, ul. Geroev Panfilovtsev 20/1), PhD (Eng), assistant of the department, Department of inorganic substances technology and electrochemical process. E-mail: zuril@inbox.ru.
Kon’kova T.V., Rysev A.P. Katalizator na osnove bentonitovoj gliny, modificirovannoj metasilikatom natriya dlya geterogennogo processa tipa Fentona – Raffa [Catalyst based on bentonite clay modified with sodium metasilicate for heterogeneous Fenton-Raff type process]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 12, pp. 12 – 19. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-12-19
Arc resistance in air of WC – Cr3C2 – Cu alloys
with frameless packing of carbides
E. Yu Goyda, I. O. Gilev, L. E. Bodrova, A. B. Shubin
In this work, the arc resistance of electrical contacts of the compositions WC – Cu, Cr3C2– Cu and WC – Cr3C2 – Cu (with a mass ratio of WC:Cr3C2= 1:1) was studied in comparison with the industrial contact D30V70, and an analysis was made of the dependence of functional properties on the composition and contact structures. Experimental samples of electrical contacts were obtained by liquid-phase impregnation of non-compacted carbide powders with copper at low-frequency (~ 80 Hz) vibration of the crucible with alloy components for 10 min in a resistance furnace in an atmosphere of flowing argon. Prepared samples were tested using equipment that simulated the operation of an AC contactor (170 A, 50 V, 1000 – 10000 arcing cycles). Their functional properties (hardness, arc wear, contact resistance) have been studied. The evolution of the structure was studied using optical and electron microscopy. It is shown that alloys containing WC or WC + Cr3C2have stable values of contact resistance (up to 10,000 arcing cycles). Alloy WC57Cu43 (wt. %) has the highest arc resistance, which is not only comparable with the industrial alloy, but also surpasses it in long-term tests, despite the lower content of the arc-resistant phase. In contacts of the Cr3C2– Cu composition, the contact resistance increases and grows most sharply after 4000 arcing cycles. In contacts made of bicarbide alloy WC – Cr3C2– Cu, the degree of increase in contact resistance is similar to the industrial alloy, but the average values are higher. The wear layers of monocarbide alloys are highly oxidized. In a bicarbide alloy, there is no oxygen in the composition of such a layer. The composition of this alloy is represented by solid solutions of metals and their carbides, and the structure is finely dispersed. The mechanisms of arc resistance in electrical contacts of various compositions are discussed.
Keywords: arc resistance, tungsten and chromium carbides, copper, frameless packaging, structure, contact resistance, arc wear.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-20-31
Goyda Eduard — Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of RAS (620016, Yekaterinburg, Amundsen st., 101), PhD (Chem), researcher, specialist in the field of development and research of structure and properties of composite materials. E-mail: eddy-g0d@yandex.ru.
Gilev Ivan — Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of RAS (620016, Yekaterinburg, Amundsen st., 101), junior researcher, specialist in the field of physical materials science and physical chemistry of processes and metallic materials. E-mail: i.o.gilev@yandex.ru.
Bodrova Lyudmila —Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of RAS (620016, Yekaterinburg, Amundsen st., 101), PhD (Chem.), senior researcher, specialist in the field of development and research of structure and properties of composite materials. E-mail: bоdrova-le@mail.ru.
Shubin Alexey — Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of RAS (620016, Yekaterinburg, Amundsen st., 101), Dr. Sci. (Chem.), head of laboratory of metallurgical melts, specialist in the field of physical chemistry of metallic and ionic melts. E-mail: fortran@list.ru.
Goyda E.Yu., Gilev I.O., Bodrova L.E., Shubin A.B. Dugostojkost' na vozduhe splavov WS – Cr3S2 – Su s beskarkasnoj upakovkoj karbidov [Arc resistance in air of WC – Cr3C2 – Cu alloys with frameless packing of carbides]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 12, pp. 20 – 31. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-20-31
The effect of the addition in Al2O3
in the WC – 8 Co anode material
on the formation of ESA coatings
A. A. Burkov, M. I. Dvornik, L. A. Konevtsov, N. M. Vlasova
WC – Co coatings are widely used due to their high hardness and wear resistance, however, they have low resistance to high-temperature oxidation and therefore need modification with heat-resistant compounds. Anode materials based on WC – 8 % Co with the addition of 1, 3 and 6 wt. % Al2O3 for applying electric spark coatings on steel 35 were prepared. During the deposition of coatings, the erosion of the anode, of the total cathode weight gain the and the mass transfer coefficient were investigated. X-ray phase analysis of coatings showed the predominance of tungsten subcarbide in their composition. According to scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion analysis, aluminum oxide was found in the structure of coatings in the form of micron and fine inclusions. Moreover, its amount in the coatings increased with an increase in the content of Al2O3 in the anodes. Potentiodynamic tests of the samples showed an increase in the corrosion potential and a decrease in the corrosion current density with an increase in the Al2O3 content in the coatings. The heat resistance of coatings at a temperature of 700 °C increased monotonically with an increase in the concentration of aluminum oxide. For 100 hours of testing, the weight gain of the samples with coatings was from 4 to 11 times less than that of uncoated steel 35. The microhardness of the alloyed layers ranged from 13 to 15.6 GPa, which is 4.6 to 5.4 times higher than steel 35. The coating with the highest concentration of aluminum oxide had the highest hardness. The wear rate of the coatings was 3.9 to 12.5 times lower compared to steel 35. With an increase in the concentration of Al2O3 in the anode material, the wear of electric spark coatings monotonically decreased from 1.45·10–5to 0,45·10–5 mm3·N–1·m–1.
Keywords: electric spark alloying, WC – 8 % Co, Al2O3, hardness, corrosion, coefficient of friction, wear resistance, heat resistance.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-32-42
Burkov Alexander — Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Khabarovsk Federal Research Center Institute of Materials Science of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KHFITS of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) (680042, Khabarovsk, Pacific str., 153), PhD (Phys-Math), Senior Researcher, specialist in the field of condensed matter physics. E-mail: burkovalex@mail.ru
Dvornik Maxim — Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Khabarovsk Federal Research Center Institute of Materials Science of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KHFITS of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) (680042, Khabarovsk, Pacific str., 153), PhD (Tech), Senior researcher, specialist in the field of materials science (mechanical engineering). E-mail: maxxxx80@mail.ru.
Konevtsov Leonid — Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Khabarovsk Federal Research Center Institute of Materials Science of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KHFITS of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) (680042, Khabarovsk, Pacific str., 153), PhD (Tech), Senior Researcher, specialist in the field of materials science (mechanical engineering). E-mail: konevts@narod.ru.
Vlasova Nuria — Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Khabarovsk Federal Research Center Institute of Materials Science of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KHFITS of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) (680042, Khabarovsk, Pacific str., 153), PhD (Tech), researcher, specialist in the field of composite ceramic materials. E-mail: vlasova64@yandex.ru.
Burkov A.A., Dvornik M.I., Konevtsov L.A., Vlasova N.M. Vliyanie dobavki Al2O3 v anodnyj material WC – 8 Co na formirovanie pokrytij, poluchennyh elektroiskrovym legirovaniem [The effect of the addition in Al2O3 in the WC – 8 Co anode material on the formation of ESA coatings]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 12, pp. 32 – 42. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-32-42
Effect of electron-beam treatments on the level
and evolution of residual stresses
in the “surface Ti – Ni – Ta – Si alloy/
TiNi-substrate” system
M. G. Ostapenko, V. O. Semin, A. A. Neiman,
F. A. D’yachenko, L. L. Meisner
TiNi shape memory alloys exhibiting martensitic transformations are attractive materials in the industry of micromechanical systems. The key issue responsible for degradation of functional properties of TiNi during operation is residual stresses arising from the sample processing and surface treatments. In this work, we investigated TiNi substrates modified after synthesis of Ti – Ni – Ta – Si surface alloys (SA) by additive thin film electron-beam (ATF-EB) method. The effect of electron-beam treatments of the system “[Ti – Ni – Ta – Si]SA/TiNi substrate” at the energy density (ES = 1.7 J/cm2) and pulse number n = 10 on the elastic-stress state of the B2 phase in TiNi substrate has been studied. Detailed analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has shown the formation of two isostructured B2 phases with different lattice parameters, chemical composition, and microstructure. It has been found that changes in the B2 lattice parameters are closely related to the variation of the chemical composition and residual elastic stresses of the first kind. The study of residual stresses in the samples reveals that compression stresses in the direction perpendicular to the irradiated surface reach a value of –350 MPa. After additional electron-beam treatment, the compression stress value decreases to –270 MPa.
Keywords: surface alloys; electron-beam treatment; shape memory alloys; NiTi; XRD; TEM; residual stresses.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-43-56
Ostapenko Marina — Institute of Strength Physics & Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the RAS (2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, Tomsk, 634055), PhD, junior researcher, specialist in the field of XRD analysis. E-mail: artifakt@ispms.ru.
Semin Viktor — Institute of Strength Physics & Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the RAS (2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, Tomsk, 634055), PhD, researcher, specialist in the field of of transmission electron microscopy. E-mail: viktor.semin.tsk@gmail.com.
Neiman Aleksei — Institute of Strength Physics & Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the RAS (2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, Tomsk, 634055), PhD, researcher, specialist in the field of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. E-mail: nasa@ispms.ru.
D’yachenko Filipp — Institute of Strength Physics & Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the RAS (2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, Tomsk, 634055), postgraduate student, junior researcher, specialist in the field of research of physical and mechanical properties of materials. E-mail: dfa@ispms.ru.
Meisner Ludmila — Institute of Strength Physics & Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the RAS (2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, Tomsk, 634055), Doctor of science, principal scientist. specialist in the field of materials science of shape memory alloys, surface modification. E-mail: llm@ispms.ru.
Ostapenko M.G., Semin V.O., Neiman A.A., D’yachenko F.A., Meisner L.L. Vliyanie elektronno-puchkovyh obrabotok na uroven' ostatochnyh napryazhenij v sisteme “poverhnostnyj Ti – Ni – Ta – Si splav/TiNi-podlozhka” [Effect of electron-beam treatments on the level and evolution of residual stresses in the “surface Ti – Ni – Ta – Si alloy/TiNi-substrate” system]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 12, pp. 43 – 56. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-43-56
Effect of ion irradiation on the resource characteristics
of alloy V95 (Al – Zn – Mg – Cu)
N. V. Gushchina, V. V. Ovchinnikov, K.V. Shalomov,
D. I. Vichuzhanin
The study of the effect of irradiation with Ar+ ions with an energy of 20 keV, ion current density j = 200 μA/cm2 on the fatigue resistance of profiles 6 mm thick made of alloy V95 (Al – Zn – Mg – Cu) in the state of delivery: after hot pressing, quenching and artificial aging, has been carried out. It was found that irradiation with Ar+ ions fluence of 1·1016cm–2 to an increase fatigue resistance in 6.4 times under conditions of reduced load amplitudes σ/su = 0.3.
Keywords:aluminum alloy; ion irradiation; fatigue resistance.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-57-61
Gushchina Natalia — Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Amundsena Street 106, Yekaterinburg, 620016, Russia), PhD (Phys-Math), Senior Researcher, specialist in the field of research of metal alloys after exposure to ion irradiation. E-mail: guschina@iep.uran.ru, guscha@rambler.ru.
Ovchinnikov Vladimir — Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Amundsena Street 106, Yekaterinburg, 620016, Russia), Doctor of Sciences
(Phys- Math), Professor, Chief Researcher, specialist in the field of physics of metals and alloys and physics of the effect of charged particle beams on matter. E-mail: vladimir@iep.uran.ru; viae05@rambler.ru.
Shalomov Konstantin —Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Amundsena Street 106, Yekaterinburg, 620016, Russia), Junior Researcher, specialist in the field of ion-beam treatment of metals and alloys. E-mail: icsartf@gmail.com.
Vichuzhanin Dmitriy — Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Komsomolskaya Street 34, Yekaterinburg, 620049, Russia), PhD (Tech), Senior Researcher, specialist in the field of solid mechanics, damage mechanics and studying of mechanical properties of metals and alloys. E-mail: mmm@imach.uran.ru.
Gushchina N.V., Ovchinnikov V.V., Shalomov K.V., Vichuzhanin D.I. Vozdejstvie ionnogo oblucheniya na resursnye harakteristiki splava V95 (Al – Zn – Mg – Cu) [Effect of ion irradiation on the resource characteristics of alloy V95 (Al – Zn – Mg – Cu)]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 12, pp. 57 – 61. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-57-61
Synthesis of zirconium(IV) oxyacrylate complexes
with polypyridine ligands and their use as precursors
of nanomaterials with antiwear properties
G. I. Dzhardimalieva, I. E. Uflyand, V. A. Zhinzhilo,
E. G. Drogan, V. E. Burlakova
In the present work, complexes of zirconium(IV) oxyacrylate with polypyridine ligands 2,2’-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, and 4’-phenyl-2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine were obtained for the first time and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermolysis of these complexes at 600 °C made it possible to obtain nanosized zirconium oxides, which were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The average crystallite size of the obtained zirconium oxide nanoparticles is 5.63 – 6.06 nm. Zirconium oxide nanoparticles are characterized by spherical and oval shapes. The products have been tested as anti-wear additives in lubricating oils. The optimal concentrations of nanoparticles were determined, at which the antiwear properties of the lubricant are best manifested.
Keywords:oxyacrylates, polypyridine ligands, thermolysis, nanomaterials, lubricant additives.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-62-75
Dzhardimalieva Gulzhian —Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Academician Semenov Ave., 1), Dr Sci (Chem), professor, head of laboratory, specialist in the field of metallopolymers and nanomaterials. E-mail: dzhardim@icp.ac.ru.
Uflyand Igor — Southern Federal University (344006, Rostov-on-Don, Bolshaya Sadovaya St., 105), Dr Sci (Chem), professor, head of department, specialist in the field of coordination chemistry and nanomaterials. E-mail: ieuflyand@sfedu.ru.
Zhinzhilo Vladimir — Southern Federal University (344006, Rostov-on-Don, Bolshaya Sadovaya St., 105), PhD (Chem), senior lecturer, specialist in the field of coordination chemistry and nanomaterials. E-mail: i06993@yandex.ru.
Drogan Ekaterina — Don State Technical University (344000, Rostov-on-Don, Gagarin Square, 1), PhD (Eng), senior lecturer, specialist in the field of tribology and nanomaterials. E-mail: ekaterina.drogan@gmail.com.
Burlakova Victoria — Don State Technical University (344000, Rostov-on-Don, Gagarin Square, 1), Dr Sci. (Eng), professor, head of department, specialist in the field of tribology and nanomaterials. E-mail: vburlakova@donstu.ru.
Dzhardimalieva G.I., Uflyand I.E., Zhinzhilo V.A., Drogan E.G., Burlakova V.E. Sintez oksiakrilatnyh kompleksov cirkoniya (IV) s polipiridinovymi ligandami i ih ispol'zovanie v kachestve prekursorov nanomaterialov s protivoiznosnymi svojstvami [Synthesis of zirconium (IV) oxyacrylate complexes with polypyridine ligands and their use as precursors of nanomaterials with antiwear properties]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 12, pp. 62 – 75. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-62-75
Calculation of internal pressure
in a cylindrical pore
M. I. Alymov, S. I. Averin, A. B. Ankudinov
A method for calculating the internal pressure in a cylindrical pore that has arisen in the material of a product made using powder metallurgy technologies is described. A pore with an internal pressure, from certain positions, should be considered as a defect, which, if not removed, then at least from the known pressure inside the pore, certain onclusions can be drawn about the degree of strength reliability of this porous product. In addition, the measured pressure inside the pores allows you to optimize the manufacturing processes of products, control the structure and properties, and avoid the formation of cracks at the boundaries of the particles that make up the material. In this paper, a method is proposed for calculating the pressure in a pore, based on the displacements of the outer surface of the sample, when an external load is applied to the product. In this case, the known solutions of the problem of elasticity theory about the deformation of a spherical cavity located in the center of a spherical hollow ball are used.
Keywords:pore gas pressure, theory of elasticity, theoretical calculation, porous material, powder metallurgy.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-76-81
Alymov Mikhail — Merzhanov Institute of structural macrokinetics and materials science Russian Academy of Sciences (ISMAN) (Academician Osipyan str., 8, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia), corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy and composite materials. E-mail: alymov@ism.ac.ru.
Averin Sergei — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS) (49 Leninsky prospect, 119334 Moscow, Russia), researcher, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy. E-mail: qqzz@mail.ru.
Ankudinov Alexey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS) (49 Leninsky prospect, 119334 Moscow, Russia), senior researcher, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy. E-mail: a-58@bk.ru.
Alymov M.I., Averin S.I., Ankudinov A.B. Raschet vnutrennego davleniya v cilindricheskoj pore [Calculation of internal pressure in a cylindrical pore]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 12, pp. 76 – 81. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-12-76-81
