PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY
2022, No.11
Study of the mechanism of photoactivated
hydrogen evolution on a silicon photocathode
with a-MoSx thin-film catalyst
O. V. Rubinkovskaya, V. N. Nevolin, D. V. Fominski,
R. I. Romanov, P. F. Kartsev, V. Yu. Fominski, Jiang Hualing
Silicon cathodes for the efficient production of hydrogen in the photoelectrochemical process of water splitting have been created and studied. A photoactive layer on p-Si wafer was obtained by pulsed laser doping of the wafer with phosphorus from a solution of orthophosphoric acid. A film of amorphous molybdenum sulfide (a-MoSx) up to 4 nm thick was deposited on the surface of the modified n+p-Si wafer. This caused a significant increase in photocurrents in the acid solution as compared to the bare n+p-Si. The composition of the catalytic film was modified during the photoelectrochemical process of hydrogen evolution. The study of the energy bands at the interface of the a-MoSx heterojunction with the n+-Si layer showed that the reaction of hydrogen evolution proceeded, probably, because of electron tunneling through the a-MoSxfilm. Using the density functional theory, a thermodynamic analysis of the possible effect of chemical changes on the silicon surface and in the a-MoSxfilm itself on the efficiency of hydrogen catalysis was carried out.
Keywords:photoelectrochemical water splitting, silicon photocathode, molybdenum sulfide, laser doping, density functional theory, heterojunction.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-5-15
Rubinkovskaya Oksana — National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (31 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, 115409), PhD student, specialist in the field of production and research of semiconductor catalysts based on transition metal chalcogenides. E-mail:
ovrubinkovskaya@mephi.ru
Nevolin Vladimir — National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow, 115409 Kashirskoe sh., 31), Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, specialist in the field of physics of thin-films and nanosystems. E-mail: vnnevolin@mephi.ru.
Fominski Dmitry — National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow, 115409, Kashirskoye sh., 31), engineer, specialist in the field of pulsed laser deposition of thin films and nanostructures. E-mail: dmitryfominski@gmail.com.
Romanov Roman — National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow, 115409 Kashirskoe sh., 31), Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, researcher, specialist in the field of physical and chemical methods for obtaining and studying thin-film structures of various functional purposes. E-mail: limpo2003@mail.ru.
Kartsev Petr — National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow, 115409 Kashirskoe sh., 31), PhD (Phys-Math), associate professor, specialist in the field of theoretical analysis of quantum mechanical effects in catalytic processes of water splitting. E-mail:
pfkartsev@mephi.ru.
Fominski Vyacheslav —National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow, 115409, Kashirskoye sh., 31), Dr Sci (Phys-Math), professor, chief researcher, specialist in the field of physics of thin-films, nanostructures and beam technologies of surface modification. E-mail: vyfominskij@mephi.ru.
Hualin Jiang — Professor of Nanchang Hangkong University. A specialist in the field of obtaining and researching new nanomaterials-photocatalysts for photo-activated water splitting, accompanied by hydrogen evolution and its purification from various pollutants. E-mail: hua20022000@126.com.
Rubinkovskaya O.V., Nevolin V.N., Fominski D.V., Romanov R.I., Kartsev P.F., Fominski V.Yu., Jiang Hualing. Issledovanie mekhanizma foto-aktivirovannogo vydeleniya vodoroda na kremnievom fotokatode s tonkoplenochnym katalizatorom a-MoSx[Study of the mechanism of photoactivated hydrogen evolution on a silicon photocathode with a-MoSxthin-film catalyst]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 11, pp. 5 – 15. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-5-15
The role of nanostructures in the formation
of the emission properties of oxide-nickel cathodes
V. I. Kapustin, I. P. Li, N. E. Kozhevnikova
The electronic and crystal structures of oxide-nickel compositions based on ternary barium-calcium-strontium carbonates containing nickel nanoparticles and nanocrystals of barium carbonate have been studied by electron spectroscopy and precision X-ray structural analysis. It was found that nickel nanoparticles have a significant effect on the parameters of the electronic structure of barium oxide crystallites formed in these compositions during their heat treatment. It is shown that X-ray diffraction analysis can be used as the basis for the method of quality control of ternary carbonates for their effective use in the composition of oxide-nickel cathodes.
Keywords:metal-porous cathodes, cathode material, influence of micro-impurities, thermionic emission.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-16-28
Kapustin Vladimir —Russian Technological University — MIREA (119454, Moscow, Vernadsky Ave, 78), Dr Sci (Phys-Math), professor, chief specialist, specialist in the field of materials and technologies of electronic engineering. E-mail: kapustin@mirea.ru.
Li Illarion — JSC Pluton (105120, Moscow, Nizhnyaya Syromyatnicheskaya st., 11), Dr Sci (Eng), director of the technological center Basic technologies of electro vacuum devices, specialist in the field of materials and technologies of electronic engineering. E-mail:
ork@pluton.msk.ru.
Kozhevnikova Natalya — JSC Pluton (105120, Moscow, Nizhnyaya Syromyatnicheskaya st., 11), head of the laboratory for the synthesis of emission-active compounds, specialist in the field of materials and technologies of electronic engineering. E-mail: azariia@bk.ru.
Kapustin V.I., Li I.P., Kozhevnikova N.E. Rol' nanostruktur v formirovanii emissionnyh svojstv oksidno-nikelevyh katodov [The role of nanostructures in the formation of the emission properties of oxide-nickel cathodes]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 11, pp. 16 – 28. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-16-28
Charging state of polyethylene composites
with TlGaTe2 semiconductor filler
M. A. Nuriev, A.P. Abdullaev, I. M. Nuruev,
A. A. Shukurova, V. G. Mamedov
The aim of this work is to study the charge state of polymer composites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with a ferroelectric semiconductor filler TlGaTe2 at a volume content of 3, 7, 10 vol.%, And the ferroelectric semiconductor TlGaTe2 itself, as well as to study the temperature dependence of their dielectric constant ε(T) and electrical conductivity ρ(T). It is shown that the introduction of the semiconductor filler TlGaTe2 into the polymer matrix of HDPE makes it possible to control the charge state of polymer composites HDPE/TlGaTe2, which can contribute to a purposeful change in the electrophysical properties of these materials.
Keywords: рolymer composites, ferroelectric semiconductor filler, charge state, thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) currents, interphase boundary, dielectric constant, electrical conductivity.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-29-35
Nuriev Musa Abdulali oglu — Institute of Radiation Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ 1143, B. Vakhabzade str., 9), PhD (Phys-Math), leading researcher, specialist in dielectric and thermoactivation spectroscopy, radiothermoluminescence of polymer composition, physical chemistry and radiation materials science. Email: musa_nuriev@mail.ru.
Abdullaev Adil Rolad oglu — Institute of Radiation Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ 1143, B. Vakhabzade str., 9), Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, professor; Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ 1143, 11 Ajna Sultanov St.), head of the physical and chemical department, specialist in the field of semiconductors and dielectrics, dielectric spectroscopy of solids and radiation materials science. Email: adilabdullayev@rambler.ru.
Nuruev Ibrahim Musa oglu —Institute of Radiation Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ 1143, B. Vakhabzade str., 9), junior researcher, specialist in the field of polymer micro- and nanocomposites, dielectric spectroscopy. Email: nuruyev_ibrahim@mail.ru.
Shukurova Adalat Ali kizi — Institute of Radiation Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ 1143, B. Vakhabzade str., 9), PhD in physics, senior researcher, specialist in the development of composite materials, and also nanocomposites based on polymers with nanoparticles, for dielectric and thermoactivation spectroscopy and radiation materials science. E-mail: shukurova.adalat@mail.ru.
Mammadov Valeh Gulu oglu —Azerbaijan Higher Military School (Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ 1018, Polad Gashimov St. 18), PhD in physics, associate professor, specialist in dielectric spectroscopy of solid semiconductors and dielectrics. Email: E-mail: elitinshaat@rambler.ru.
Nuriev M.A., Abdullaev A.P., Nuruev I.M., Shukurova A.A., Mamedov V.G. Zaryadovoe sostoyanie kompozitov polietilena s poluprovodnikovym napolnitelem TlGaTe2 [Charging state of polyethylene composites with TlGaTe2 semiconductor filler]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 11, pp. 29 – 35. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-29-35
Porous tubular scaffolds for tissue
engineering structures
of small diameter blood vessels
E. A. Nemets, V. A. Surguchenko, Yu. V. Belov,
A. I. Xajrullina, V. I. Sevastyanov
A technology fo the formation of porous tubular polymer scaffolds (PTPS) made of polycaprolactone (PCL) with the necessary physical and mechanical characteristics (Young’s modulus 5.5 ± 1.1 MPa, breaking force 10.9 ± 1.6 N and maximum elongation 477 ± 38 %) has been developed. Samples obtained by electrospinning from 2 ml of a 10 % PCL solution in dichloromethane (voltage between electrodes 25 kV, solution delivery rate 4 ml/h, distance to the collector 100 mm, rotation speed of the substrate rod 1000 rpm) showed a minimum surgical permeability of 30.4 ± 1.5 ml/(cm2·min). It is proved that the proposed bioactive coating based on heparin and platelet lysate does not affect the surface structure and physical and mechanical characteristics of the scaffold. It has been shown in vitro that samples of modified PTPS do not exhibit cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, and improvement of hemocompatible properties occurs due to a decrease in the number and degree of activation of adhered platelets.
Keywords:small diameter vessels, electrospinning, porous scaffold, polycaprolactone, heparin, platelet lysate, biological safety.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-36-46
Nemets Evgenij —Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Moscow, 123182 Sсhukinskaya street, 1), Dr Sci (Biology), leading research fellow, specialist in biomaterials, tissue engineering, development of blood compatible materials and coatings. E-mail: evgnemets@yandex.ru.
Surguchenko Valentina –—Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Moscow, 123182 Sсhukinskaya street, 1), PhD, senior research assistant, specialist in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. E-mail: valent.surg@yandex.ru.
Belov Vyacheslav — ANO Institute of Biomedical Research and Technology (123557, Moscow, B. Tishinsky Lane, 43/20 building 2), leading engineer, specialist in biomaterial science and methods of scaffolds development. E-mail: w.000000000@yandex.ru.
Xajrullina Alina Irekovna —Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University, 141701, Moscow region, Dolgoprudny, Institutsky Lane, 9.), graduate student.
Sevastianov Viktor —Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Moscow, 123182 Sсhukinskaya street, 1), Dr Sci (Biology), professor, head of laboratory tissue engineering and delivery systems, specialist in biomaterials, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, drug delivery systems. E-mail: viksev@yandex.ru.
Nemets E.A., Surguchenko V.A., Belov Yu.V., Xajrullina A.I., Sevastyanov V.I. Poristye trubchatye karkasy dlya tkaneinzhenernyh konstrukcij krovenosnyh sosudov malogo diametra [Porous tubular scaffolds for tissue engineering structures of small diameter blood vessels]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 11, pp. 36 – 46. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-36-46
Effect of melt flow modifier on the physico-mechanical
properties of a polymer composite based
on secondary polypropylene
and aluminosilicate microspheres
A. A. Psyanchin, E. M. Zakharova, V. P. Zakharov
Thermoplastics in the recycling process are characterized by mechanical and thermo-oxidative degradation, which leads to deterioration of the operational properties of finished plastic products. A possible option for giving the secondary raw material optimal characteristics during processing may be the inclusion of aluminosilicate microspheres and modifiers that increase the fluidity of the melt. This paper presents the results of the study of rheological and physico-mechanical properties of polymer composites based on secondary polypropylene filled with aluminosilicate microspheres in the presence of stearic acid. It is shown that stearic acid increases the fluidity of the melt, improves technological performance during mechanical processing, including promotes uniform distribution of particles of aluminosilicate microspheres in the polymer volume. The optimal concentration of stearic acid is 0.5 % by weight, at which there is a maximum increase in the melt flow rate, a decrease in tensile strength of no more than 16 %, as well as an increase in resistance to dynamic impact without a significant change in the elastic modulus characterizing the stiffness of the material.
Keywords: secondary polypropylene, aluminosilicate microspheres, stearic acid, polymer composites.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-47-52
Psyanchin Arthur — Bashkir State University (Ufa, 32/3 Zaki Validi st.), post-graduate student, specialist in the field of high-molecular compounds. E-mail: Artps96@yandex.ru.
Zakharova Elena — Bashkir State University (Ufa, 32/3 Zaki Validi st.), PhD (Chem), associate professor, specialist in the field of high-molecular compounds. E-mail: lena991999@mail.ru.
Zakharov Vadim — Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ufa, 71 October Ave), Dr Sci (Chem), professor, specialist in the field of high-molecular compounds. E-mail: zaharovvp@mail.ru.
Psyanchin A.A., Zakharova E.M., Zakharov V.P. Vliyanie modifikatora tekuchesti rasplava na fiziko-mekhanicheskie svojstva polimernogo kompozita na osnove vtorichnogo polipropilena i alyumosilikatnyh mikrosfer [Effect of melt flow modifier on the physico-mechanical properties of a polymer composite based on secondary polypropylene and aluminosilicate microspheres]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 11, pp. 47 – 52. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-47-52
Investigation of the properties of overburden clays
from the Kornilovskoye deposit of the Tomsk region
for use in the refractory, ceramic and oil industries
A. S. Apkarian, T. Yu. Sablina
Analytical and laboratory-technological studies of overburden clays of the Kornilovskoye deposit in the Tomsk region have been carried out. The chemical composition, mineral composition, granulometric composition, plasticity and refractoriness of clays have been determined. The sensitivity of clay raw materials to drying, apparent density, water absorption, shrinkage have been investigated. To determine the possibility of using clay from the Kornilovskoye field in the Tomsk region in the refractory, ceramic, electrical, construction and oil industries instead of clay “Vesko-Prima” from the Veselovskoye field in Druzhkovka (Donbass), comparative physicochemical characteristics of the clays of both deposits are given.
Keywords: refractory clay, mineral composition, chemical composition, particle size distribution, density, refractoriness, shrinkage, iron oxide, titanium oxide, water absorption, firing temperature, clay “Vesko-Prima”, clay from the Kornilovskoye deposit.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-53-60
Apkaryan Afanasy — Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science (Tomsk, Russia etc. Akademicheskiy Street 8/2), Dr Sci (Eng), head of the structural unit; Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, specialist in the field of thermal physics. E-mail: asaktc@ispms.tsc.ru.
Sablina Tatiana — Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science (Russia, Akademicheskiy Street, etc. 8/2, Tomsk, 634021, PhD, senior researcher, specialist in the field materials science, ceramics.
E-mail: sabtat@ispms.ru.
Apkarian A.S., Sablina T.Yu. Issledovanie svojstv glin vskryshnyh porod Kornilovskogo mestorozhdeniya Tomskoj oblasti dlya primeneniya v ogneupornoj, keramicheskoj i neftyanoj promyshlennosti [Investigation of the properties of overburden clays from the Kornilovskoye deposit of the Tomsk region for use in the refractory, ceramic and oil industries]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 11, pp. 53 – 60. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-53-60
Fuel permeability of thermoplastic polyurethanes
after exposure to salt mist
O. G. Chernova, V. A. Zakharova, D. S. Kalugina,
N. V. Chernousova, A. V. Dedov
The effect of salt mist exposure on the surface structure and permeability of thermoplastic polyurethane used in the production of temporary storage tanks and transportation of diesel fuel was investigated. After exposure to salt mist, the analysis of microphotographs showed the alignment of the surface of the polymer material. IR spectroscopy revealed a change in the chemical composition of thermoplastic polyurethane, and the appearance of a quaternary ammonium salt, which leads to an increase in the polarity of polymer macromolecules and increases the relaxation rate of the polymer material structure. An approach to modeling the natural loss of diesel fuel during storage in elastic tanks is proposed. The model parameters allowed us to quantify the effect of salt mist on the diffusion permeability of thermoplastic polyurethane for diesel fuel. At a storage temperature below 60 °C after exposure to salt mist, the tightness time increases and the natural loss of diesel fuel decreases during storage in the tank.
Keywords:thermoplastic polyurethane, salt mist, surface structure, diesel fuel permeability.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-61-68
Chernova Olga — Moscow Polytechnic University (107023, Moscow, Bolshaya Semyonovskaya str., 38), PhD (Eng), associated professor, specialist in materials for polygraphist materials.
Zakharova Vasilina — Russian State University named after A.N. Kosygin (Technology. Design. Art), (117997, Moscow, 115035, st. Sadovnicheskaya, 33, building 1), associate professor of the department of Chemistry and technology of polymer materials and nanocomposites, specialist in polymer and film materials.
Kalugina Daria — Russian State University named after A.N. Kosygin (Technology. Design. Art), post-graduate student of the department of Chemistry and technology of polymer materials and nanocomposites, specialist in chemical technologies, technology of dyeing materials. E-mail: leshenko.1996@mail.ru.
Chernousova Natalia — Russian State University named after A.N. Kosygin (Technology. Design. Art), PhD (Eng), associate professor of the department of Chemistry and technology of polymer materials and nanocomposites, specialist in the field of polymer film materials and artificial leather, packaging materials. E-mail: chersov@gmail.com.
Dedov Alexander — Moscow Polytechnic University (38 B. Semenovskaya Str., Moscow, 107023), Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Innovative Materials of Printmedindustry, specialist in the field of polymer materials. E-mail: dedovs55@rambler.ru.
Chernova O.G., Zakharova V.A., Kalugina D.S., Chernousova N.V., Dedov A.V. Toplivopronicaemost' termoplastichnyh poliuretanov posle vozdejstviya solyanogo tumana [Fuel permeability of thermoplastic polyurethanes after exposure to salt mist]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 11, pp. 61 – 68. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-61-68
Structure micro- and nanomodification
by cyclic oxidation-reduction treatment
of porous nickel sintered using a space holder
V. A. Zelensky, V. S. Shustov, A. G. Gnedovets, M. I. Alymov
By performing high-temperature cyclic oxidation-reduction (redox) post-treatment of biporous nickel fabricated in the sintering-dissolution process using micron nickel powder and sodium chloride as a space holder, permeable materials with multilevel hierarchical porosity were created. After an oxidation stage in an air atmosphere, a porous material with a core-shell Ni – NiO structure and a cellular underlayer of micron-sized Kirkendall pores was formed. Subsequent reduction in hydrogen led to the formation of a developed nanoporous bumpy surface at sintered nickel particles. The obtained metallic nickel and ceramic nickel-oxide materials contain a hierarchical system of pores of different origin of four types: (a) macropores formed after the removal of the space holder; (b) interparticle micropores remaining due to incomplete sintering of the nickel powder; (c) intraparticle Kirkendall pores created at the oxidation stage and (d) nanopores formed during reduction. Depending on the dispersion of the space holder, the porosity and hydraulic permeability of the nickel samples were 80 – 82 % and 35·10–12 – 101·10–12 m2, respectively.
Keywords:oxidation-reduction (redox) treatment, nickel, nickel oxide, powders, sintering-dissolution process, hierarchical porosity, Kirkendall pores, nanopores.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-69-82
Zelensky Viktor — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), PhD, leading researcher, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy and synthesis of porous materials. E-mail: zelensky55@bk.ru.
Shustov Vadim — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), PhD, researcher, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy and synthesis of porous materials. E-mail: vshscience@mail.ru.
Gnedovets Alexey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), PhD, senior researcher, specialist in the field of laser-plasma treatment of materials and powder metallurgy. E-mail: agg@imet.ac.ru.
Alymov Mikhail — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334 Moscow, Leninskiy pr., 49), Dr Sci (Eng), professor, corresponding member of RAS, head of laboratory, leading specialist in the field of surface science and powder metallurgy and nanomaterials. E-mail: alymov@ism.ac.ru.
Zelensky V.A., Shustov V.S., Gnedovets A.G., Alymov M.I. Mikro- i nanomodifikaciya struktury pri ciklicheskoj okislitel'no-vosstanovitel'noj obrabotke poristogo nikelya, spechennogo s ispol'zovaniem poroobrazovatelya [Structure micro- and nanomodification by cyclic oxidation-reduction treatment of porous nickel sintered using a space holder]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2022, no. 11, pp. 69 – 82. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2022-11-69-82
