PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY
2021, no. 7
Solvatochromic effects in absorption
and luminescence spectra and stability of emission
quantum yield of carbon nanoparticles (part I)
S. A. Kazaryan, V. N. Nevolin, S. Kh. Pilosyan
The features of the solvatochromic effects of absorption (Ab) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra, as well as the quantum yield of emission (QYE) of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) synthesized by various methods from a mixture of citric acid and nitrogen-containing precursors, in protic and aprotic solvents have been studied. It has been shown that the parameters of the spectra Ab, PL and the QYE value of particle solutions to a large extent depend on the method, conditions and modes of synthesis, the method of modification and separation of CNPs, the types and composition of precursors, and also the fundamental properties and pH of solvents. In solvents with a dielectric constant of 4.5 – 109.5, the QYE value of particles varies in a wide range from 10.8 to 100.0 %, and the PL band peak shifts from 466.4 to 536.8 nm. The presence of strong solvatochromic effects in the spectra of Ab and PL particles was shown, and the important role of the processes of protonation and deprotonation of surface groups of CNPs was established. The influence of universal and specific interactions on the spectroscopic parameters of CNPs has been investigated, and a significant contribution to the solvatochromic effects of specific interactions has been demonstrated.
Keywords: luminescence of nanoparticles, fluorescence of nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles, emission quantum yield of the nanoparticles, synthesis of carbon nanoparticles, solvatochromic effect of nanoparticle, dipole moments of nanoparticles.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-5-24
Kazaryan Samvel — Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Science (Leninsky prospect 53, 119991, Moscow, Russia), PhD (Phys-Math), head of the department, specialist in the field of luminescence of semiconductors, diamonds, nanosized carbons, as well as technology for the synthesis of nanoporous materials and electrochemical supercapacitors. E-mail: skazaryan.fian@gmail.com.
Nevolin Vladimir —Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Science (Leninsky prospect 53, 119991, Moscow, Russia), Dr Sci (Phys-Math), professor, chief researcher, specialist in the field of physics of thin-film structures. E-mail: nevolin@sci.lebedev.ru.
Pilosyan Sergey — Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Science (Leninsky prospect 53, 119991, Moscow, Russia), highly qualified senior researcher, specialist in the field of physics of thin films, technology of semiconductor and high-temperature ceramic materials. E-mail: pilosyans@lebedev.ru.
Reference citing
Kazaryan S.A., Nevolin V.N., Pilosyan S.Kh. Sol'vatohromnye effekty v spektrah pogloshcheniya i lyuminescencii i stabil'nost' kvantovogo vyhoda emissii uglerodnyh nanochastic (chast' I). [Solvatochromic effects in absorption and luminescence spectra and stability of emission quantum yield of carbon nanoparticles (part I)]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 7, pp. 5 – 24. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-5-24
Stability of permanent connection
of deformable high-temperature nickel based
and cast intermetallic alloys obtained
under superplasticity conditions
O. A. Bazyleva, V. A. Valitov, E. G. Arginbaeva,
B. S. Lomberg, A. N. Raevskikh
The paper presents a study of welded joints of cast intermetallic single-crystal rhenium containing VKNA-25 alloy with crystallographic orientation [001] and deformable high-temperature disk nickel alloy EP975, depending on the parameters (temperature and degree of deformation) of pressure welding under superplasticity conditions. Comparison of samples before and after heat treatment is presented. The results of X-ray micro-spectral analysis of a solid-phase joint in the welding zone and at distances of up to 140 μm are presented in comparison with the initial chemical composition of the alloys, indicating an intense course of diffusion processes. The results obtained are analyzed from the point of view of maintaining the balance of alloying, calculated by the method of G.I. Morozova (calculating the number of valence electrons per unit atomic mass of the composition), the change in the atomic mass and average electron concentration of solid-phase compounds before and after heat treatment in the welded joint zone and at distances up to 140 μm was calculated. It is shown that the alloy compositions calculated taking into account the alloying balance make it possible to obtain a high-quality one-piece connection of a disk and a blade for blisk-type structures, performed under superplasticity on an installation for high-temperature pressure welding.
Keywords: cast intermetallic single-crystal, deformed disk, heat-resistant, electron density, solidphase joint, balance of alloying.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-25-36
Bazyleva Olga — All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE “VIAM”, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), PhD (Eng), deputy head of laboratory Ni-based superalloys, specialist in the field of intermetallic alloys based on Ni3Al. E-mail:
intermetallidbaz@gmail.com.
Arginbaeva Elvira —All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE “VIAM”, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), PhD (Eng), head of sector laboratory Ni-based superalloys, specialist in the field of intermetallic alloys based on Ni3Al. E-mail: elargin@mail.ru.
Valitov Vener — Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences (IMSP RAS, 450001, RB, Ufa, ul. Stepana Khalturina, 39), Dr Sci (Eng), specialist in the field of superplasticity. E-mail: valitov_va@ imsp.ru.
Lomberg Boris — All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE “VIAM”, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), Dr Sci (Eng), specialist in the field of deformation alloys. E-mail:gammaprim@yandex.ru.
Raevskikh Anton — All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE “VIAM”, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), engineer 2 category, Laboratory of metallophysic research. E-mail: Raevskih_anton@me.com.
Reference citing
Bazyleva O.A., Valitov V.A., Arginbaeva E.G., Lomberg B.S., Raevskikh A.N. Stabil'nost' neraz"emnogo soedineniya zharoprochnyh deformiruemogo nikelevogo i litejnogo intermetallidnogo splavov, poluchennogo v usloviyah sverhplastichnosti. CHast' 1. [Stability of permanent connection of deformable high-temperature nickel based and cast intermetallic alloys obtained under superplasticity conditions]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 7, pp. 25 – 36. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-25-36
Investigation of the processes of fatigue
and corrosion-fatigue destruction
of pseudo-atitanium alloy
A. A. Murashov, N. N. Berendeyev, A. V. Nokhrin,
E. A. Galaeva, V. N. Chuvil’deev
The paper describes the results of fatigue and corrosion-fatigue tests of the pseudo α titanium alloy PT-3V, which is actively used in nuclear engineering for the manufacture of heat exchange equipment for modern nuclear power plants. Alloy PT-3V has an inhomogeneous coarse-crystalline structure with precipitates of β-phase particles along the grain boundaries of the lamellar shape. It is shown that smooth specimens tested according to the bending-with-rotation loading scheme do not show a noticeable decrease in the cyclic fatigue life when exposed to a neutral corrosive environment (3 % aqueous NaCl solution). However, specimens with a notch (stress concentrator) tested according to the cantilever bending loading scheme demonstrate sensitivity to the action of a corrosive environment at the stages of initiation and growth of fatigue cracks, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the number of cycles before crack initiation, as well as before specimen failure, in comparison with tests in air. Fractographic analysis of fractures of smooth specimens and specimens with a concentrator after fatigue and corrosion-fatigue tests has been carried out. The main stages of the initiation and growth of fatigue cracks are revealed. It has been established that a decrease in the resistance to the initiation and propagation of corrosion-fatigue cracks during testing of notched specimens may be due to the effect of hydrogen embrittlement, accelerated by stress concentration.
Keywords:titanium, corrosion fatigue, crack, hydrogen embrittlement.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-37-48
Murashov Artem — Physics and Technology Research Institute of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod (PTRI UNN, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23/3), engineer, specialist in the field of fatigue testing. E-mail: aamurashov@nifti.unn.ru.
Berendeyev Nikolay — Physics and Technology Research Institute of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod (PTRI UNN, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23/3), PhD (Phys-Math), senior research worker, specialist in the field of fatigue. E-mail: berendeyev@nifti.unn.ru.
Nokhrin Aleksey — Physics and Technology Research Institute of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod (PTRI UNN, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23/3), Dr Sci (Phys-Math), head of laboratory, specialist in the field of diffusion processes. E-mail: nokhrin@nifti.unn.ru.
Galaeva Ekaterina —Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod (PTRI UNN, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23/3, PTRI UNN), student, specialist in the field of fatigue testing E-mail: galaeva_e@mail.ru.
Chuvil’deev Vladimir — Physics and Technology Research Institute of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod (PTRI UNN, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina ave., 23/3), Dr Sci (Phys-Math), prof., director of Institute, specialist in the field of diffusion processes. E-mail: chuvildeev@nifti.unn.ru.
Reference citing
Murashov A.A., Berendeyev N.N., Nokhrin A.V., Galaeva E.A., Chuvil’deev V.N. Issledovanie processov ustalostnogo i korrozionno-ustalostnogo razrusheniya psevdo- a titanovogo splava [Investigation of the processes of fatigue and corrosion-fatigue destruction of pseudo-a titanium alloy]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 7, pp. 37 – 48. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-37-48
Thermodeformation properties
of dynamically volcanized thermoplastic
elastomers based on random polypropylene
and nitrile butadiene rubber
N. T. Kakhramanov, A. J. Guliyev, M. I. Abdullin,
Kh. V. Allahverdiyeva
The paper presents the results of a study of the thermodefomational characteristics of dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers based on random polypropylene and nitrile butadiene rubber (SKN). In order to improve the compatibility of polymer mixtures, Exxelor PO1200, a grafted copolymer of polypropylene with maleic anhydride, was used as a compatibilizer. The concentration of maleic anhydride in the composition of the grafted copolymer was 3.0 wt. %. It was shown that as a result of the loading of the compatibilizer, it seemed possible to improve the compatibility of bipolar mixtures, in which there was no separation between the components of the mixture. It was found that with the load of 30 wt. % SKN-18, as well as 40 wt. % SKN-26 or SKN-40 into the composition of random polypropylene, the polymer composition exhibits the properties of thermoplastic elastomers, as a result of which plastic deformation is replaced by a highly elastic characteristic for rubbers. The temperature regions of the solid, highly elastic, and viscous flowing states are determined. In order to give polymer blends greater elasticity, they were vulcanized using crosslinking agents such as dicumyl peroxide and sulfur. It is shown how, in the process of increasing the concentration of dicumyl peroxide from 0.25 to 1.0 wt. %, the thermomechanical properties of dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers significantly change. It was found that with the introduction of dicumyl peroxide in an amount equal to 1.0 wt. %, the melt flowability of vulcanized materials almost completely lose their ability to flow, and pass from a highly elastic state to a glassy one. With the load of sulfur in an amount of 1.0 to 10 wt. %, the melt flowability of the vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers is preserved.
Keywords: thermoplastic elastomers, compatibilizer, dicumyl peroxide, sulfur, highly elastic deformation, glassy state.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-49-55
Kakhramanov Najaf Tofik oglu — Institute of Polymer Materials of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (AZ5004, Sumgayit city, S. Vurgun st. 124), Dr Sci (Chem) sciences, professor, specialist in the field of chemical and mechano-chemical modification of polymers, processing of polymers, obtaining and research of nanocomposite materials based on polimers and mineral fillers. E-mail: najaf1946@rambler.ru.
Guliyev Agil Jamil oglu — Institute of Polymer Materials of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (AZ5004, Sumgayit city, S. Vurgun St. 124), engineer, specialist in the field of processing and mechano-chemical modification of polymers. E-mail: 4115533@gmail.ru.
Abdullin Marat Ibragimovich — Bashkir State University (st. Zaki Validi, 32, Ufa, Rep. Bashkortostan, Russia), Dr Sci (Chem), professor, specialist in the field of materials science, processing and research of polymer materials the properties. E-mail: profAMI@yandex.ru.
Allahverdiyeva Khayala Vagif gizi — Institute of Polymer Materials of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (AZ5004, Sumgayit city, S. Vurgun St. 124), PhD (Chem), associate professor, leading researcher, specialist in the field of synthesis, research of structure and physical and mechanical properties of polymeric materials. E-mail: xayalaka4@gmail.com.
Reference citing
Kakhramanov N.T., Guliyev A.J., Abdullin M.I., Allahverdiyeva Kh.V. Termodeformacionnye svojstva dinamicheski vulkanizovannyh termoelastoplastov na osnove random polipropilena i butadien-nitril'nogo kauchuka [Thermodeformation properties of dynamically volcanized thermoplastic elastomersbased on random polypropylene and nitrile butadiene rubber]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 7, pp. 49 – 55. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-49-55
Kinetic study of lithium-zinc ferrite synthesis
under electron beam heating
E. N. Lysenko, V. A. Vlasov, A. P. Surzhikov,
A. I. Kupchishin
The paper considers kinetic studies lithium-zinc ferrite synthesis under heating by high-energy electron beam of mixtures of the initial Fe2O3 – Li2CO3 – ZnO reagents of different prehistory. We used samples of bulk density and compressed in hydraulic press. Radiation-thermal synthesis of samples was carried out an ILU-6 pulsed electron accelerator by heating of high-energy electrons with 2.4 MeV energy. Was spending heating to 600, 700, 750 °C and kept at 0 to 120 minutes. Formation of ferrite in conventional thermal annealing at similar temperature and time conditions was studied for comparison. Characterized method for studying synthesized samples was X-ray diffraction analysis. It is found that the rate of ferrite formation depends on both the heating method and the density of the initial mixture. It is shown that heating the mixture with an electron beam significantly accelerates the process of obtaining ferrite, which is manifested in a decrease of the kinetic parameters of ferrite synthesis. The increase the rate of ferrite formation under high-energy electron irradiation is due to a significant decrease in activation energy of synthesis process and decrease in pre-exponential multiplier in temperature dependence.
Keywords:ferrites, kinetics, X-ray diffraction analysis, radiation–thermal synthesis.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-56-65
Lysenko Elena — National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (Tomsk 634050, Lenina prosp., 30), Dr Sci (Eng), head of the laboratory, specialist in condensed matter physics, ferrimagnetic materials. E-mail: lysenkoen@tpu.ru.
Vlasov Vitaly — National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (Tomsk 634050, Lenina prosp., 30), PhD (Phys-Math), senior researcher, specialist in the field of condensed matter physics, ferrimagnetic materials. E-mail: vlvitan@tpu.ru.
Surzhikov Anatoly — National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (Tomsk 634050, Lenina prosp., 30), Dr Sci (Phys-Math), head of the department, specialist in condensed matter physics, physics of interaction of accelerated particle beams with matter. E-mail:
surzhikov@tpu.ru.
Kupchishin Anatoly — Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University (Republic of Kazakhstan, 050010, Almaty, Dostyk аve., 13), Dr Sci (Phys-Math), professor, specialist in radiation physics. E-mail: ankupchishin@mail.ru.
Reference citing
Lysenko E.N., Vlasov V.A., Surzhikov A.P., Kupchishin A.I. Kineticheskie zakonomernosti sinteza litij-cinkovogo ferrita v usloviyah nagreva puchkom elektronov. [Kinetic study of lithium-zinc ferrite synthesis under electron beam heating]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 7, pp. 56 – 65. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-56-65
Effect of liquid-phase synthesis method
of nanopowders on microstructure
and physico-chemical properties
of ceramics in CeO2 – Sm2O3 system
M. V. Kalinina, D. A. Dyuskina, N. Yu. Fedorenko,
O. A. Shilova
Nanopowders of the composition (СeO2)1 – x(Sm2O3)x (x = 0.02; 0.05; 0.10; 0.20) were synthesized by two methods of chemical liquid-phase synthesis: co-precipitation of hydroxides with freezing and co-crystallization of salts with an average OCD size of ~ 8 – 11 nm, Sud = 40 – 83 m2/g. Based on them, ceramic nanomaterials with a cubic crystal structure of the fluorite type, with an OCR of ~ 65 – 81 nm (1300 °C), were obtained. The dependence of the phase composition, microstructure, and electric transport properties of the obtained samples on the content of Sm2O3in a solid solution based on CeO2 and the synthesis method is revealed. It is shown that in the series (СeO2)1 – x(Sm2O3)x (x = 0.02; 0.05; 0.10; 0.20) a solid solution of the composition (CeO2)0.80(Sm2O3)0.20has the highest ionic conductivity σ700 ºC = 2.7·10–2 Cm/cm. The resulting ceramic can be used as a solid electrolyte for medium-temperature fuel cells due to its physical and chemical characteristics.
Keywords:co-deposition of hydroxides, oxides, highly dispersed powders, electrical conductivity, fuel cells, nanoceramics, electrolyte materials.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-66-75
Kalinina Marina —Grebenschikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (199034, Saint-Petersburg, Makarova naberezhnaya, 2), PhD, senior researcher, specialist in physical and chemical properties of nanocrystalline oxide materials. E-mail: tikhonov_p-a@mail.ru.
Dyuskina Daria — St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) (St. Petersburg, 190013, Moscovskiy prospect, 26), student, carries out the synthesis of materials. E-mail: tikhonov_p-a@mail.ru.
Fedorenko Nadezhda — Grebenschikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (199034, Saint-Petersburg, Makarova naberezhnaya, 2), junior researcher, specialists in the field of synthesis and physicochemical properties of nanocrystalline oxide materials. E-mail: kovalko.n.yu@gmail.com.
Shilova Olga —Grebenschikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (199034, Saint-Petersburg, Makarova naberezhnaya, 2), Dr Sci, professor, chief researcher, acting head of the Laboratory of inorganic synthesis, specialist in the field of physical chemistry and technology of glass-ceramic nanocomposite materials. E-mail: olgashilova@bk.ru.
Reference citing
Kalinina M.V., Dyuskina D.A., Fedorenko N.Yu., Shilova O.A. Vliyanie metodov zhidkofaznogo sinteza nanoporoshkov na mikrostrukturu i fiziko-himicheskie svojstva keramiki v sisteme CeO2 – Sm2O3 [Effect of liquid-phase synthesis method of nanopowders on microstructure and physico-chemical properties of ceramics in CeO2 – Sm2O3 system]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 7, pp. 66 – 75. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-66-75
Gas extrusion treatment of thermally
hardened steel and alloys
in the mode of deformation-thermal hardening
V. D. Berbentsev
Thermally hardened alloys based on iron (50 Cr – V – N type steel), titanium (VT-14), and aluminum (D16) were subjected to deformation by gas extrusion with local heating in the mode of deformation-thermal hardening with high degrees of deformation 90 % or more to obtain a thin wire at the output. Gas extrusion was performed at various combinations of processing parameters — gas pressure, deformation temperature, extrusion speed. The wire deformed under various combinations of processing parameters was cooled in air, subjected to tempering or aging and a tear test. The mechanical properties obtained as a result of the tests were compared with the data on the mechanical properties of the initial, undeformed alloys, heat-treated and non-heat-treated. On all gas-extruded alloys, the mechanical properties exceeded the initial ones both in strength and plasticity. The combination of gas extrusion parameters (gas pressure, deformation temperature, extrusion speed) has a decisive influence on the combination of strength and ductility of alloys treated by gas extrusion.
Keywords:gas extrusion, deformation, pressure, temperature, speed, strength, ductility, alloys, processing, wire, quenching, tempering, aging.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-76-84
Berbentsev Vladimir — L.F. Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics of the RAS (142190, Moscow, Troitsk, Kaluzhskoe Shosse, 14), leading process engineer, specialist in the field of metal pressure processing. E-mail: berbentsevv@mail.ru.
Reference citing
Berbentsev V.D. Obrabotka gazovoj ekstruziej termicheski uprochnyaemyh stalej i splavov v rezhime deformacionno-termicheskogo uprochneniya [Gas extrusion treatment of thermally hardened steel and alloys in the mode of deformation-thermal hardening]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 7, pp. 76 – 84. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-7-76-84
