PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY
2021, no. 10
Influence of radiation-stimulated
discharges on the contamination
of cover glasses of solar batteries
of spacecraft
R. Kh. Khasanshin, L. S. Novikov
The results of an AFM study of changes in the surface structure of K-208 and CMG cover glasses after electron irradiation and exposure to molecular fluxes are presented. It is shown that contamination of glass surfaces irradiated with electrons at flux densities (φ) from 1010 to 8·1010 cm–2 s–1 occurs during electrostatic discharges accompanied by the release of plasmoids into the surrounding space, the particles of which are deposited on the glass. It has been experimentally established that the effect of preliminary irradiation of glass on the deposition of molecular flow components is most effective immediately after irradiation and decreases with time. This is due to the drainage of the charge injected into the glass and a decrease in the initially high reactivity of the substances in the discharge channels. It was also shown that the combined effect of electrons and molecular flux on glasses significantly increased the discharge frequency at a given value of φ and, as a result, led to an increase in the number of discharge channels on the sample surfaces. In this case, over time, the process of accumulation of molecular flow components begins to dominate the cleaning of the glass surface due to electron-stimulated desorption and mechanical desorption under the action of shock waves accompanying the discharges. To interpret the experimental results, a mathematical model of the deposition of molecular flow components on glass is proposed.
Keywords: cover glasses, electron irradiation, electrostatic discharges, surface contamination, electronically stimulated desorption, mechanodesorption.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-5-16
Khasanshin Rashid — JSC Kompozit (4, Pionerskaya ul., 141070 Korolev, Moscow region, Russia), PhD, head of laboratory; Bauman Moscow State Technical University (5, 2-ya Baumanskaya ul., 105005 Moscow, Russia), associate professor of chair of physics, specialist in the field of interaction of ionizing radiation with matter, mathematical modeling. E-mail: rhkhas@mail.ru.
Novikov Lev — Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University (Leninskie gory 1, p. 2, Moscow, GPS-1, 119991), head of department, professor, specialist in the field of radiation materials science and space physics. E-mail: novikov@sinp.msu.ru.
Reference citing
Khasanshin R.Kh., Novikov L.S. Vliyanie radiacionno-stimulirovannyh razryadov na zagryaznenie pokrovnyh stekol solnechnyh batarej kosmicheskih apparatov [Influence of radiation-stimulated discharges on the contamination of cover glasses of solar batteries of spacecraft]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 10, pp. 5 – 16. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-5-16
Obtaining of low-flammable sorbent
based on polyurethane foam
for trapping radioactive iodine forms
E. P. Magomedbekov, A. O. Merkushkin, A. V. Obruchikov
The composite sorption material based on a highly porous polyurethane foam matrix with a layer of impregnated activated carbon powder applied to its surface has been developed. The reticulated polyurethane foam Regicell was used as a base for the sorbent samples. The compounds that most effectively inhibit the combustion process were: phosphates, sulfates, borates and pyrosulfates. The selection of the optimal amount of the fire retardant was carried out, and the sorption capacity of the material samples in relation to radioactive methyl iodide was studied. It became clear that the sorbent treated with a 20 % solution of ammonium sulfate can be classified as a material with low combustibility. The study of the sorption capacity was carried out on a certified stand under conditions corresponding to the standard test method for nuclear power plants iodine sorbents. During the tests, more than 99.9 % radioactive methyl iodide trapping efficiency was achieved, which exceeds that for the industrial granular sorbent selected as a comparison. It was found that the gas flow hydraulic resistance corresponding to the manufactured samples is lower than that of the industrial one. The relative sorption capacity index was used as a criterion for comparing the sorption capacity of materials characterized by different free volume fractions.
Keywords:gaseous radioactive waste, sorption of radioiodine, iodine-131, composite iodine sorbents, methyl iodide, flammability, flammability classes.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-17-26
Magomedbekov Eldar — Russian Chemical-Technological University named after
D.I. Mendeleev (125047, Moscow, Miusskaya square, 9), PhD, head of the department of High Energy Chemistry and Radioecology, expert in the field of isotope separation, radioactive waste management. E-mail: eldar@muctr.ru.
Merkushkin Alexey — Russian Chemical-Technological University named after D.I. Mendeleev (125047, Moscow, Miusskaya square, 9), PhD, associate professor of the department of High Energy Chemistry and Radioecology, expert in the field of radiochemistry, radioactive waste management, gas chromatography. E-mail: polaz@mail.ru.
Obruchikov Alexander — Russian Chemical-Technological University named after
D.I. Mendeleev (125047, Moscow, Miusskaya square, 9), PhD, associate professor of the department of High Energy Chemistry and Radioecology, expert in the field of radiochemistry, radioactive waste management, gas chromatography. E-mail: alexobruch@mail.ru.
Reference citing
Magomedbekov E.P., Merkushkin A.O., Obruchikov A.V. Poluchenie nizkogoryuchego sorbenta na osnove penopoliuretana dlya ulavlivaniya radioaktivnyh form ioda [Obtaining of low-flammable sorbent based on polyurethane foam for trapping radioactive iodine forms]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 10, pp. 17 – 26. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-17-26
Adhesive properties of aluminum-containing
functionalized polymer composites obtained
in the process of mechano-chemical modification
K. V. Allahverdiyeva
The influence of the concentration of finely dispersed aluminum and compatibilizer on the resistance to peeling of aluminum foil from the surface of a composite based on low density polyethylene and high density polyethylene is considered. To improve the compatibility of the filler with the polymer matrix, a compatibilizer was used, which is a graft copolymer of polyethylene of various grades with methacrylic acid and maleic anhydride. Copper and aluminum foil was used as a substrate. It is shown that the introduction of a compatibilizer into the composition of aluminum-filled composites improves their peeling resistance. It has been found that if an aluminum filled compatibilizer is used directly as an adhesive, then the peeling resistance of copper and aluminum foil is significantly increased. Graft copolymers of polyethylene with maleic anhydride have the highest peel resistance values. The results of the study of the influence of the pressing temperature on the type of adhesive failure are presented. It is shown that with an increase in the pressing temperature, a mixed type of adhesive destruction is observed. It has been experimentally proved that, in percentage terms, the cohesive type of fracture prevails in composites where graft copolymers are used as a polymer matrix. It was found that a 100 % cohesive type of fracture is observed in foil-clad composites pressed at a temperature of 190 °C, where a graft copolymer of polyethylene with methacrylic acid or maleic anhydride is used as an adhesive.
Keywords:adhesion, peel resistance, cohesion, polymer matrix, aluminum, corrugated surface, foil, composite, adhesive, substrate, graft copolymer, melt, maleic anhydride, methacrylic acid.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-27-36
Allahverdiyeva Khayala Vagif gizi —Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (AZ5004, Azerbaijan, Sumgait, S. Vurgun street, 124), PhD (Chem), associate professor, leading researcher in the field of mechano-chemical modification of polymers, research of the structure and properties of composite materials based on them. E-mail: najaf1946@rambler.ru.
Reference citing
Allahverdiyeva K.V. Adgezionnye svojstva alyuminij-soderzhashchih polimernyh kompozitov, poluchennyh metodom mekhano-himicheskoj modifikacii [Adhesive properties of aluminum-containing functionalized polymer composites obtained in the process of mechano-chemical modification]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 10, pp. 27 – 36. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-27-36
Changes in the electrical conductivity
of glass, quartz, Au, C, and MoS2 films
under influence of continuous proton injection
G. S. Burkhanov , S. A. Lachenkov, M. A Kononov,
A. U. Bashlakov, V. M. Kirillova, V. V. Sdobyrev
Changes in the electrical conductivity of a wide range of materials with different crystal-chemical types and electrophysical properties (quartz, glass, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, gold) under continuous proton injection are studied. Film samples of layered MoS2 and graphite compounds were obtained on rough surfaces of glass or quartz by mechanical rubbing of powder. Gold films are formed on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering of a gold target. To create a continuous stream of protons injected into the test sample, a stationary ion source with a cold cathode and a magnetic field forming an ion beam of relatively low intensity was used. The current in the ion beam is up to 1.2 mA, the pressure of hydrogen in the chamber is ~10 – 2 Pa, the energy of hydrogen ions is from 1 to 4 keV. The experimental results indicate that under conditions of continuous proton injection, the electrical conductivity of thin films with a layered structure (MoS2 and graphite) increases sharply (by 4 – 5 orders of magnitude). This effect increases when the temperature decreases from ~ 293 to ~ 77 K, as well as when the number of charges supplied to the sample increases. In the case of continuous injection of protons into massive dielectrics (glass, quartz) and thin films of gold, no noticeable change in electrical conductivity was detected.
Keywords: electrical conductivity, ion source, proton injection, thin films, layered structure.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-37-46
Burkhanov Gennadiy — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS (49 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia), corresponding member of RAS, head of laboratory, specialist in the field of physical chemistry and technology of inorganic materials, died 04.01.2021.
Lachenkov Sergey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS (49 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia), PhD (Eng), leading research worker, specialist in the field of superconducting materials and metal physics of superconductors. E-mail:
lachenck@imet.ac.ru.
Kononov Mikhail — A.M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics of RAS, (Moscow, Russia, 119991 GSP-1, Vavilova ul., 38), PhD (Phys-Math), senior research worker, specialist in physics of thin films and surface physics, magnetron sputtering. E-mail: mike091956@gmail.com.
Bashlakov Anatoliy — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS (49 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia), researcher, specialist in physical electronics and surface physics. E-mail: bashlakov@gmail.com.
Kirillova Valentina — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS (49 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia), PhD (Eng), senior research worker, specialist in the field of physical chemistry and technology of inorganic materials. E-mail: vkirillova@imet.ac.ru.
Sdobyrev Vladislav — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS (49 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia), research worker, specialist in the field of materials science of refractory and rare metals. E-mail: vkirillova@imet.ac.ru.
Reference citing
Burkhanov G.S., Lachenkov S.A., Kononov M.A, Bashlakov A.U., Kirillova V.M., Sdobyrev V.V. Izmenenie elektroprovodnosti stekla, kvarca i plenok Au, C, MoS2 pod vliyaniem nepreryvnoj inzhekcii protonov [Changes in the electrical conductivity of glass, quartz, Au, C, and MoS2 films under influence of continuous proton injection]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 10, pp. 37 – 46. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-37-46
High-temperature oxidation
of the copper-nickel based alloys
synthesized by spark plasma sintering
N. P. Burkovskaya, N. V. Sevostyanov,
F. N. Karachevtsev, E. M. Shcherbakov
The article presents data on heat resistance high-temperature tests of powder materials based on copper-nickel have been carried out. The oxidation features of materials samples with various alloying elements have been studied. Compaction of copper-nickel alloys samples was done by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The dependence of the growth rate of the oxide film on the temperature of high-temperature oxidation was established, and the effect of alloying elements in the composition of the samples on their heat resistance was considered. Based on the study’s results the dependence of the oxide film growth rate on high-temperature oxidation and the influence of alloying elements in the composition of sintered copper-nickel alloys on their heat resistance are considered. It was determined that for all the considered samples compositions of copper-nickel alloys synthesized by spark plasma sintering, the temperature 1000 °C of 20-hour heating heat resistance test is not the limiting one, since the samples retain their integrity. It is shown that simultaneous alloying of copper-nickel alloys with aluminum and chromium provides the highest heat resistance. The scale growth rate for composition Cu – Ni – Cr – Al 1.49·10–3 g/cm3 is lower than the oxidation rate of pure nickel 3.78·10–3 g/cm3 at 1000 °C. These two samples demonstrate the lowest weight gain after testing at 1000 °С, for compositions Cu – Ni – Al, Cu – Ni – Cr – Si and 50 wt. % Cu – 50 wt. % Ni the oxidation rate increases by two orders of magnitude, for compositions Cu – Ni – Si and Ni — by three orders of magnitude.
Keywords: heat resistance, copper-nickel alloys, Cu – Ni system, high-temperature oxidation, powder metallurgy, spark plasma sintering.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-47-55
Burkovskaya Natalya — All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE VIAM, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), PhD (Chem.), researcher, specialist in the field of composite materials. E-mail: burkovskaya.n@gmail.com.
Sevostyanov Nikolay —All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE VIAM, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), PhD (Eng), head of Metal composite materials laboratory section, specialist in the field of composite materials. E-mail: kolia-phone@mail.ru.
Karachevtsev Fedor — All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE VIAM, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), PhD (Chem.), head of Spectral, chemical-analytical studies and reference samples laboratory, specialist in the field of spectral, chemical-analytical studies and reference samples. E-mail: kara4ev@mail.ru.
Shcherbakov Evgeny — All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials (FSUE VIAM, Moscow, 105005, Radio st., 17), PhD (Chem.), head of Metal composite materials laboratory section, specialist in the field of composite materials. E-mail: aiam.mcm@mail.ru.
Reference citing
Burkovskaya N.P., Sevostyanov N.V., Karachevtsev F.N., Shcherbakov E.M. ZHarostojkost' medno-nikelevyh splavov, sintezirovannyh iskrovym plazmennym spekaniem [High-temperature oxidation of the copper-nickel based alloys synthesized by spark plasma sintering]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 10, pp. 47 – 55. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-47-55
Calciothermal reduction
of tantalate iron and manganese
R. I. Gulyaeva, S. V. Sergeeva, S. A. Petrova,
L. Yu. Udoeva
Processes of calciothermal reduction of metals from iron (FeTa2O6) and manganese (MnTa2O6) tantalates as well as tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) were studied in this work. According to the results of thermodynamic analysis performed in the temperature range 373 – 2773 К, the interaction of FeTa2O6 and MnTa2O6with calcium proceeds with complete reduction of metals. By the calculation and comparison of the lgK equilibrium constants for the reactions of alumino- and calciothermal reduction of iron and manganese tantalates were showed the thermodynamic advantage of using metallic calcium as a reducing agent. Experimental investigations of calciothermal reduction on samples of synthesized oxides were carried out by the method of combined thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis in the mode of non-isothermal heating to 1473 K in an argon flow. X-ray powder diffraction was used to determine the phase composition of the initial samples and interaction products. It was shown that the calciothermal reduction of metals from the synthesized manganese tantalate proceeds actively at temperatures above 1196 K, while iron tantalate and tantalum oxide with the appearance of molten calcium. Tantalum and its solid solutions with iron or manganese, corresponding to the structural type Ta7Fe6, were included in the main metal components of the products of the interaction of FeTa2O6 and MnTa2O6 with calcium.
Keywords: calcium thermal reduction, iron tantalate, manganese tantalate, thermal analysis, X-ray, thermodynamics.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-56-64
Gulyaeva Roza — Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (101, Amundsen str., Yekaterinburg, 620016, Russia), PhD (Chem), senior researcher, specialist in thermal analysis and calorimetry. E-mail: gulroza@mail.ru.
Sergeeva Svetlana —Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (101, Amundsen str., Yekaterinburg, 620016, Russia), PhD (Eng), senior researcher, specialist in the field of phase transformations and synthesis, the study of minerals, oxides. E-mail: lazarevasv@mail.ru.
Petrova Sofia — Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (101, Amundsen str., Yekaterinburg, 620016, Russia), PhD (Phys-Math), senior researcher, specialist in the field of high-temperature radiography, phase transitions. E-mail: danaus@mail.ru.
Udoeva Lyudmila —Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (101, Amundsen str., Yekaterinburg, 620016, Russia), PhD (Eng), senior researcher, specialist in the field of thermodynamic modeling, phase transformations, of chemistry and metallurgy of rare metal alloys. E-mail: lyuud@yandex.ru.
Reference citing
Gulyaeva R.I., Sergeeva S.V., Petrova S.A., Udoeva L.Yu. Kal'cietermicheskoe vosstanovlenie tantalatov zheleza i marganca [Calciothermal reduction of tantalate iron and manganese]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 10, pp. 56 – 64. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-56-64
Determination of optimal technological
parameters of selective laser melting
of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder
A. V. Agapovichev, A. I. Khaimovich, V. V. Kokareva,
V. G. Smelov
Chemical and granulometric analysis of AlSi10Mg alloy powder was carried out. It was found that the powder particles are generally non-spherical, with a significant number of inclusions in the form of satellites. Particle size distribution ranges from 5 to 60 μm. The presence of conglomerates up to 70 μm in size is observed. The study of the influence of scanning parameters on the tensile strength and relative elongation of the samples has been carried out. It was found that in the range of the scanning speed range of 910 – 930 mm/s, local mechanical minima are observed. In order to optimize the scanning parameters, complex quality indicators are used. The greatest desirability from the point of view of obtaining the maximum strength and plasticity of the material is a combination of scanning parameters: laser power — 350 W, scanning step — 0.19 mm, scanning speed — 980 mm/s, with a layer thickness of 50 μm. The results of tests of cylindrical specimens made at angles of 0° and 90° relative to the construction platform are presented.
Keywords: selective laser melting, metal powder, material density, AlSi10Mg, material ultimate strength, elongation, rational scanning parameters.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-65-73
Agapovichev Anton — Samara University, Department of Engine Production Technologies (Moskovskoe shosse, 34, Samara, 443086), PhD (Eng), specialist in additive technologies. E-mail: agapovichev5@mail.ru.
Khaimovich Alexander — Samara University, Department of Engine Production Technologies (Moskovskoe shosse, 34, Samara, 443086), Dr Sci (Eng), associate professor, specialist in the field of additive technologies.
Kokareva Viktoria — Samara University, Department of Engine Production Technologies (Moskovskoe shosse, 34, Samara, 443086), PhD (Eng), specialist in additive technologies.
Smelov Vitaly — Samara University, Department of Engine Production Technologies (Moskovskoe shosse, 34, Samara, 443086), PhD (Eng), associate professor, specialist in the field of additive technologies.
Reference citing
Agapovichev A.V., Khaimovich A.I., Kokareva V.V., Smelov V.G. Opredelenie racional'nyh tekhnologicheskih parametrov selektivnogo lazernogo splavleniya poroshka alyuminievogo splava AlSi10Mg [Determination of optimal technological parameters of selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 10, pp. 65 – 73. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-65-73
Numerical evaluation of subcritical
crack growth kinetics in structural
adhesive joints under long static loading
with cohesive zone model and experimental data
A. A. Ustinov, P. G. Babayevsky, N. A. Kozlov,
N. V. Saliyenko
The article proposes a numerical method for modeling and calculating the kinetics of subcritical crack growth and creating kinetic G-V diagrams for structural adhesive joints under prolonged static loading. The load was set by the global subcritical crack opening according to mode I. Modeling and calculations were carried out using a cohesive zone model implanted into the finite element method in the ANSYS software package. The parameters of the cohesive zone law and the kinetics of subcritical crack growth were experimentally determined for samples in the form of a double cantilever beam made of aluminum alloy plates glued with industrial grade epoxy glue. Comparison of the calculated and experimental data showed a good correlation.
Keywords: structural adhesive joints, kinetics of subcritical crack growth, long-term static load, specified crack opening, cohesive zone model, finite element method, parameters of the cohesive zone law, kinetic G – V diagram.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-74-84
Ustinov Andrey — Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), (121552, Moscow, ul. Orshanskaya, 3, MAI), assistant of the chair Technologies of composite materials, structures and microsystems, specialist in the field of material science and technology of polymer composites. E-mail: ustinershovskiy@yandex.ru.
Babayevsky Peter — Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), (121552, Moscow, ul. Orshanskaya, 3, MAI), Dr Sci (Eng), professor, head of the chair Technologies of Composite Materials, Structures and Microsystem”, specialist in the field of material science and technology of polymer composites. E-mail: gena@mati.ru.
Kozlov Nikolay — Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), (121552, Moscow, ul. Orshanskaya, 3, MAI), Dr Sci (Eng), associate professor, professor of the Technologies of composite materials, structures and microsystems, specialist in the field of materials science and technologies of polymer composite materials and methods of their research. E-mail: mail-kna@mail.ru.
Salienko Nikolay — Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), (121552, Moscow, ul. Orshanskaya, 3, MAI), PhD, associate professor, specialist in the field of material science and technology of polymer composites. E-mail: intdep@mati.ru.
Reference citing
Ustinov A.A., Babayevsky P.G., Kozlov N.A., Saliyenko N.V. CHislennaya ocenka kineticheskih parametrov dokriticheskogo rosta treshchin v konstrukcionnyh kleevyh soedineniyah pri dlitel'nom staticheskom nagruzhenii s ispol'zovaniem modeli kogezionnoj zony i eksperimental'nyh dannyh [Numerical evaluation of subcritical crack growth kinetics in structural adhesive joints under long static loading with cohesive zone model and experimental data]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 10, pp. 74 – 84. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-10-74-84
