PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY
2021, no. 1
Heat-resistant RuAl-based alloys. Part II. Powder alloys — preparation by reaction sintering
K. B. Povarova, A. E. Morozov, A. A. Drozdov, A. V. Antonova, M. A. Bulakhtina
Refractory (Tm = 2100 °C), heat-resistant ruthenium monoaluminide RuAl, lighter (ρ = 7.97 g/cm3) than Ni superalloys, is considered as a promising candidate material for operation at high temperatures and relatively low loads in high-speed gas oxidizing flows at temperatures higher not only the twork, but also the melting point of both nickel superalloys and nickel and titanium aluminides. RuAl is also an ideal candidate for potential use in protective coatings. In the second part of the article, the possibilities of obtaining alloys based on RuAl directly from the initial powders of ruthenium and aluminum are considered by combining the temperature-time modes of reaction sintering (RS), the sequence and intensity of pressure application during RS, without the use of specialized equipment for obtaining initial powders of a given composition and without restrictions on the particle size distribution of the original powders.
Keywords: Ruthenium monoaluminide, powder alloys, reactive sintering, hot isostatic pressing, structure, density, properties.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-5-21
Povarova Kira — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospect, 49), professor, Dr Sci (Eng), chief researcher, specialist in the field of heat-resistant materials, intermetallic compounds and heavy alloys. E-mail: kpovarova@imet.ac.ru.
Morozov Alexey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospect, 49), PhD, senior researcher, specialist in the field of heat-resistant materials and intermetallic alloys. E-mail: amorozov@imet.ac.ru.
Drozdov Andrey — Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE) I.P. Bardin Central Research Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy (Moscow, 105005, Radio 23/9, p. 2) PhD, deputy Director of NPCPM, specialist in the field of powder metallurgy; Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospect, 49), leading researcher, specialist in the field of heat-resistant materials and intermetallic alloys. E-mail: andr23@list.ru.
Antonova Anna — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospect, 49), PhD, senior researcher, specialist in the field of heat-resistant materials and intermetallic alloys. E-mail: avantonova2005@mail.ru.
Bulahtina Marina — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Leninsky Prospect, 49), researcher, specialist in the field of heat-resistant materials and intermetallic alloys. E-mail: m_sm@inbox.ru.
Reference citing
Povarova K.B., Morozov A.E., Drozdov A.A., Antonova A.V., Bulakhtina M.A. Zharoprochnye splavy na osnove RuAl. II. Poroshkovye splavy — poluchenie reakcionnym spekaniem [Heat-resistant RuAl-based alloys. Part II. Powder alloys — preparation by reaction sintering]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 1, p. 5 – 21. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-5-21
Physical mechanism of work of microwave devices cathodes with osmium
V. I. Kapustin, I. P. Li, S. O. Moskalenko, A. V. Shumanov, R. R. Zalialiev, N. E. Kozhevnilova
Emission properties of the traditional metal porous cathodes (MPC) are determined by oxygen vacancies in BaO crystallites and the surface located oxygen vacancies forms the acceptor type surface states in accordance with it take place the distorting of energy zones to up. In cathodes with osmium the osmium atoms are dissolved in BaO crystallites and then formed the donor type surface states in accordance with it take place the distorting of energy zones to down and the decreasing of work function. All investigations were made by using of optical spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemistry analysis, spectroscopy of the characteristic electron energy loses.
Keywords:metal-porous cathodes (MPC), cathodes with osmium, oxygen vacancies, microwave devices, barium oxide.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-22-34
Kapustin Vladimir — Russian Technological University Moscow Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automatics (78 Vernadsky Avenue, 119454 Moscow), Dr Sci (Phys-Math), professor of department of Nanoelectronics, research interests: electronic devices, materials, and electronic technology. E: mail: kapustin@mirea.ru.
Li Illarion — Pluton JSC (1151 Nizhnyaya Syromyatnicheskaya st., Moscow, 105120), PhD, director of Pluton basic technologies technical center, specialist in electronic devices, materials, and electronic technology. E-mail: i.li@pluton.msk.ru.
Moskalenko Sergey — Pluton JSC (1151 Nizhnyaya Syromyatnicheskaya st., Moscow, 105120), master of science in nanotechnology and microsystem technology, graduate student of RTU MIREA, master of laboratory at Pluton center, specialist in nanotechnology, materials and electronic technology. E-mail: s.o.mockalenko@gmail.com.
Shumanov Alexey — Pluton JSC (1151 Nizhnyaya Syromyatnicheskaya st., Moscow, 105120), specialist in the field of training optoelectronic devices and systems, deputy director, specialist in nanotechnology, materials and electronic technology. E-mail: alexeyshumanov@yandex.ru.
Zalalyaev Rim — Russian Technological University Moscow Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automatics (78 Vernadsky Avenue, 119454 Moscow), bachelor. E-mail: narujh@yandex.ru.
Kozhevnikova Natalia — Pluton JSC (1151 Nizhnyaya Syromyatnicheskaya st., Moscow, 105120), head of laboratory for the synthesis of emission-active compounds of Pluton JSC technology center. E-mail: azariia@bk.ru.
Reference citing
Kapustin V.I., Li I.P., Moskalenko S.O., Shumanov A.V., Zalialiev R.R., Kozhevnilova N.E. Fizicheskij mekhanizm raboty osmirovannyh katodov SVCH priborov [Physical mechanism of work of microwave devices cathodes with osmium]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 1, p. 22 – 34. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-22-34
Effect of pulsed ion-plasma impact and electron irradiation on mechanical properties of precipitation-hardened Inconel 718 alloy
A. B. Tsepelev, A. S. Demin, E. V. Morozov, E. E. Starostin, V. I. Tovtin
The effect of pulsed ion-plasma irradiation in the Plasma Focus installation and irradiation with 20 MeV electrons at the Miсrotron-ST accelerator on the mechanical properties of the precipitation-hardening Inconel 718 alloy obtained by the method of selective laser fusion has been studied. It was found that ion-plasma and electron irradiation does not affect the properties of the alloy, which is explained by the small thickness of the modified layer during PF irradiation and insufficiently high electron fluence for the manifestation of radiation-stimulated processes of redistribution and dissolution of dispersed precipitates of the strengthening phases. The results obtained indicate a high resistance to crack propagation and the absence of a tendency of the studied alloy to embrittlement.
Keywords:Inconel 718 precipitation-hardening alloy, coherent and incoherent phase precipitates, ion-plasma irradiation at the Plasma Focus setup, electron irradiation, mechanical properties, the method of pressing a punch into a disk microsample.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-35-41
Tsepelev Arkady — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (49 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia), Dr Sci (Phys.-Math.), leading scientist; National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (31 Kashirskoe shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia), professor; authority in the field of solid state physics and radiation material science. E-mail: tsepelev@mail.ru.
Demin Aleksandr — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (49 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia), research worker, authority in the field of radiation material science. E-mail: casha@bk.ru.
Morozov Evgenii — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (49 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia), research worker, authority in the field of nanomaterials. E-mail addres: lieutenant@list.ru.
Tovtin Vasily — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (49 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia), PhD, senior researcher, specialist in the field of radiation material science. E-mail: tovtinv@list.ru.
Starostin Evgeniy — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (49 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia), senior researcher, specialist in the field of radiation material science.E-mail: starostin_evg@mail.ru.
Reference citing
Tsepelev A.B., Demin A.S., Morozov E.V., Starostin E.E., Tovtin V.I. Vliyanie impul'snogo ionno-plazmennogo vozdejstviya i elektronnogo oblucheniya na mekhanicheskie svojstva splava Inkonel' 718 [Effect of pulsed ion-plasma impact and electron irradiation on mechanical properties of precipitation-hardened Inconel 718 alloy]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 1, p. 35 – 41. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-35-41
The air permeability of composite fiber material
T. A. Leshchenko, N. V. Chernousova, A. V. Dedov
The air permeability of composite materials obtained by impregnating a non-woven needle-punched cloth with latex was investigated. The permeability of composite materials with different rubber content was estimated by the coefficient of air permeability at a pressure drop of 49 and 100 Pa. The dependence of the air permeability coefficient on the degree of impregnation of the fabric showed that at 15 – 20 % of the rubber content, the maximum air permeability coefficient is observed, and when the degree of impregnation increases, the air permeability coefficient decreases. The process of forming a porous structure of composite materials and its influence on air transport is considered. The increase of the coefficient of permeability is explained by the fixation of the fibers of the surface layer with limited mobility under the action of air flow, and a reduction in the coefficient of air permeability by reducing pore space and an increase in fiber matrix composite materials in the process of sushi-Ki-impregnated material. The air permeability of composite materials is determined by the ratio between the processes of increasing the volume of the fibrous matrix and reducing porosity when filling the space between the portages with rubber particles. A model is proposed for calculating the coefficient of breathability of composite materials of known density.
Keywords: composite material, impregnation, latex, breathability.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-42-48
Leshchenko Tatyana — A.N. Kosygin Russian State University (Technologies. Design. Art) (117997, Moscow, Sadovnicheskaya str., 33, p. 1), post-graduate student, specialist in chemical technologies, technology of dyeing materials. E-mail: leshenko.1996@mail.ru.
Chernousova Natalia — A.N. Kosygin Russian State University (Technologies. Design. Art) (117997, Moscow, Sadovnicheskaya str., 33, p. 1), PhD (Eng), associate professor, specialist in the field of polymer film materials and artificial leather, packaging materials. E-mail: chersov@gmail.com.
Dedov Alexander — A.N. Kosygin Russian State University (Technologies. Design. Art) (117997, Moscow, Sadovnicheskaya str., 33, p. 1), Dr Sci (Eng), professor, specialist in composite materials. E-mail: dedovs55@rambler.ru.
Reference citing
Leshchenko T.A., Chernousova N.V., Dedov A.V. Vozduhopronicaemost' kompozicionnogo voloknistogo materiala [The air permeability of composite fiber material]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 1, p. 42 – 48. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-42-48
Functional properties of foam concrete with ultra-small
additives of carbon nanotubes
R. D. Sldozyan, A. G. Tkachev, Z. A. Mikhaleva, A. E. Burakov, I. V. Burakova
We studied the properties of foam concrete based on Portland cement, modified with of the ultra-low concentration carbon nanotubes addition. Carbon nanotubes (Taunit-24) with a mass percentage of 0.0004, 0.0006, 0.0008, 0.001 and 0.0012 % by weight of cement were used for the dispersed reinforcement of foam concrete based on Portland cement. To determine of the modified concrete samples strength characteristics an IP-M testing machine was used. The results of the study showed that the use of the carbon nanotubes additives in concentrations of 0.0004, 0.0006, 0.0008 % allows to gradually increase the compressive strength compared to the control sample. The compressive strength increase on 1, 12.4 and 68 %, respectively, and gradually decreases at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.0012 % from 55.5 to 45.7 %, respectively. A positive effect of the carbon nanotubes additive (0.0004, 0.0006 and 0.0008 %) is also noted when testing the bending strength by 3.7, 13.7 and 33.7%, respectively. With a further increase in the additive content (0.001 and 0.0012 %), the strength decreases to 20 and 14.8 %, respectively. When assessing water absorption, a decrease was showed with additives with concentrations of 0.0004 and 0.0006 %. However, at high concentrations of additives (0.0008, 0.001 and 0.0012 %), the highest percentage of water absorption was established.
Keywords:carbon nanotubes, foam concrete, compressive strength, bending strength, water absorption.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-49-57
Sldozian Ramie Joseph —Tambov State Technical University (Tambov, 392000, Leningradskaya Str., 1), graduate student, specialist in concrete modification. E-mail: rami_j_ag@yahoo.com.
Tkachev Aleksey — Tambov State Technical University (Tambov, 392000, Leningradskaya Str., 1), Dr Sci (Eng), professor, head of department Equipment and Technologies of Nanoproduct Manufacture, specialist in the synthesis of graphene nanomaterials, investigation of their properties and application in various fields..
Mikhaleva Zoya — Tambov State Technical University (Tambov, 392000, Leningradskaya Str., 1), PhD, assistant professor, specialist in concrete modification. E-mail: zoyamih3@gmail.com.
Burakov Alexander — Tambov State Technical University (Tambov, 392000, Leningradskaya Str., 1), PhD, assistant professor, specialist in adsorption technologies and carbon nanomaterials synthesis. E-mail: m-alex1983@yandex.ru.
Burakova Irina — Tambov State Technical University (Tambov, 392000, Leningradskaya Str., 1), PhD, assistant professor, specialist in adsorption technologies and carbon nanomaterials synthesis. E-mail: iris_tamb68@mail.ru.
Reference citing
Sldozyan R.D., Tkachev A.G., Mikhaleva Z.A., Burakov A.E., Burakova I.V. Funkcional'nye svojstva penobetona so sverhmalymi dobavkami uglerodnyh nanotrubok [Functional properties of foam concrete with ultra-small additives of carbon nanotubes]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 1, p. 49 – 57. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-49-57
Reactive extrusion of nanocomposites based on ethylene copolimers and mineral fillers
N. T. Kakhramanov, I. V. Bayramova, A. J. Guliev
The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of the temperature regime of reaction extrusion on the main physicomechanical characteristics of nanocomposites based on copolymers of ethylene with butylene and ethylene with hexene and natural minerals - clinoptilolite and vesuvian. The optimal temperature regime of extrusion of nanocomposites based on copolymers of ethylene and natural minerals was established. At a maximum extrusion temperature of 230 °C in the dosing zone, counterflow increases, which contributes to an increase in the residence time of the nanocomposite melt and, accordingly, to a decrease in extruder productivity. The possibility of mechanochemical synthesis of nanocomposites vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide on an extruder using monotreme technology has been proved. It was found that as a result of vulcanization of nanocomposites based on ethylene copolymers, a significant increase in the ultimate tensile stress and a decrease in the elongation at break are observed. With an increase in the maximum extrusion temperature in the extruder head to 230 °C, it does not lead to the appearance of a counterflow. At the same time, it was shown that with an increase in the temperature regime of extrusion of vulcanized nanocomposites over 200 °C, the time spent by the melt in the material cylinder practically does not undergo changes. A fundamental feature of the effect of chemical crosslinking with dicumyl peroxide on the processing process and the regularity of changes in the properties of nanocomposites are established. The probable mechanism of the vulcanization process in the melt of the polymer matrix and its selective effect on the reaction extrusion process, structural features and properties of nanocomposites are presented.
Keywords: reactive extrusion, nanocomposites, ultimate tensile stress, elongation at break, vulcanization.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-58-66
Kakhramanov Najaf Tofig oglu —Institute of Polymer Materials of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (5004, Sumgayit, S. Vurgun str, 124), head of laboratory, specialist in the field of chemical and mechanochemical modification and polymer processing, to obtain and study the structure and properties of nanocomposites. E-mail: najaf1946@rambler.ru.
Bayramova Ilaha Vilayat gizi — Institute of Polymer Materials of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (5004, Sumgayit, S. Vurgun str, 124), PhD, specialist in the field of mechanochemical modification, study of structure and properties of polymers. E-mail: ilahe.vfvtljdf@bk.ru.
Guliyev Agil Jamil oglu — Institute of Polymer Materials of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (5004, Sumgayit, S. Vurgun str, 124), laboratory engineer, specialist in the modification and processing of polymers. E-mail: 4115533@gmail.com.
Reference citing
Kakhramanov N.T., Bayramova I.V., Guliev A.J. Reakcionnaya ekstruziya nanokompozitov na osnove etilenovyh sopolimerov i mineral'nyh napolnitelej [Reactive extrusion of nanocomposites based on ethylene copolimers and mineral fillers]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 1, p. 58 – 66. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-58-66
Use of Raman spectroscopy for determination effective heat treatment of carbon materials in high-temperature furnaces
V. M. Samoilov, A. V. Nakhodnova, M. A. Osmova, D. B. Verbets, A. N. Bubnenkov,
N. N. Steparyova, A. R. Gareev, M. A. Fateeva, D. V. Shilo, N. E. Ovsyannikov
The aim of this work is to evaluate the use of Raman spectroscopy of carbon fibre-based (CF) reference samples for establishing the heat treatment temperature (HTT) in high-temperature (1000 – 3000 °C) furnaces used in production of a series of carbon materials. Based on obtained correlational relationships between Raman spectroscopy parameters and HTT, the use of the ID/IGparameter is suggested for obtaining the most exact and reproducible results. An experimental basis for the use of polyacrylonitrile-based (PAN) CF as reference specimens is provided. It is shown that for PAN-based CF samples treated in the high temperature interval (1000 – 3000 °С) the ID/IGparameter correlates well with X-Ray diffraction analysis parameters. A series of Raman spectroscopy of reference specimens potential uses the in determination of effective HTT of carbon materials in technological processes of production of carbon-carbon based composite materials, artificial graphites and PAN-based CF’s and in the determination of temperature fields of laboratory and industrial equipment for high-temperature treatment of carbon materials in the temperature interval 1000 – 3000 °C, specifically Tamman, vacuum electric resistance and Acheson furnaces, are examined.
Keywords:crystalline structure, graphitization, carbon materials, Raman spectroscopy, carbon composites, carbon fibres.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-67-84
Samoilov Vladimir — JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit (2 Elektrodnaya st., 111524, Moscow), Dr Sci (Eng), head of department, specialist in chemical technology of carbon-based materials and graphene. E-mail:
vsamoylov@niigrafit.orgl.
Nakhodnova Anastasiya — JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit (2 Elektrodnaya st., 111524, Moscow), PhD (Eng), senior research fellow, specialist in manufacturing of graphene platelets, their characterization, manufacturing of graphene-based materials, Raman spectroscopy. E-mail: anikolaeva@niigrafit.org.
Osmova Maria — JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit
(2 Elektrodnaya st., 111524, Moscow), technician-technologist, specialist in Raman spectroscopy. E-mail: maria.osmova@gmail.com.
Verbets Dimitri — JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit (2 Elektrodnaya st., 111524, Moscow), senior research fellow, specialist in technology and characterization of carbon fibers. E-mail: dimin2007@yandex.ru.
Bubnenkov Igor’ — JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit (2 Elektrodnaya st., 111524, Moscow), Dr Sci (Eng), deputy head of department, specialist in technology and characterization of carbon-and silicon carbide-based materials.E-mail: ibybnenkov@niigrafit.org.
Steparyova Nina — JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit (2 Elektrodnaya st., 111524, Moscow), senior research fellow, specialist in materials characterization via X-ray diffraction, technology of carbon- and silicon carbide-based materials. E-mail: stenn@mail.ru.
Gareev Artur — JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit
(2 Elektrodnaya st., 111524, Moscow), PhD (Eng), deputy director for innovative development, specialist in polymer composite materials. E-mail: gareyev@niigrafit.org.
Fateeva Maria — JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit (2 Elektrodnaya st., 111524, Moscow), engineer, specialist in polymer composite materials. E-mail: MAFateeva@rosatom.ru.
Shilo Dmitry — Research and Technology Institute for Electrocoal Materials NIIEI (1 Gorky per., 142461, Electrougli, Moscow region), PhD (Eng), deputy director for production, specialist in carbon-graphite materials. E-mail: dvshilo@mail.ru.
Ovsyannikov Nikolai — JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit (2 Elektrodnaya st., 111524, Moscow), head of production unit, specialist in technology of carbon-carbon composite materials. E-mail: novsyannikov@niigrafit.org.
Reference citing
Samoilov V.M., Nakhodnova A.V., Osmova M.A., Verbets D.B., Bubnenkov A.N., Steparyova N.N., Gareev A.R., Fateeva M.A., Shilo D.V., Ovsyannikov N.E. Opredelenie effektivnoj temperatury obrabotki uglerodnyh materialov v vysokotemperaturnyh pechah po parametram spektroskopii kombinacionnogo rasseyaniya obrazcov-svidetelej [Use of Raman spectroscopy for determination effective heat treatment of carbon materials in high-temperature furnaces]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2021, no. 1, p. 67 – 84. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2021-1-67-84
