PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY
2020, №03
Development of heat-resistant aluminum composite with small additions of alumina nanofibres
L. E. Agureev, I. N. Laptev, B. S. Ivanov, A. I. Kanushkin,
V. I. Kostikov, R. N. Rizakhanov, Zh. V. Eremeeva, A. A. Ashmarin, A. V. Ivanov, E. A. Vysotina, G. V. Panasova
This article presents the results of the development of an aluminum composite with a matrix of a mixture of powders of aluminum, nickel, copper and boron, hardened from 0.01 to 0.1 mass % by the alumina nanofibers (NafenTM). To obtain samples of the composites, the method of classical powder metallurgy was used, including pressing and sintering in a vacuum furnace. The data on the analysis of the microstructure and fine structure of aluminum composites, average grain size, density, phase composition, Vickers microhardness, ultimate tensile strength at bending at room temperature and at 300 °C are presented. According to the results of X-ray diffractometry, Al, Al3Ni, CuAl2, Al7Cu23Ni and Ni4B3 phases are present in the samples. It is noted that with an increase in the concentration of alumina nanofibers, the microhardness also monotonically increases. It was found that at room temperature tests samples containing 0.01 – 0.1 % of the mass. Alumina nanofibers had an average strength of 30% higher than the matrix. However, when tested at 300 °C, the best result was shown by a sample with 0.01% of the mass. nanoparticles, whose strength was 14 % higher than the strength of the matrix.
Keywords: aluminum composite, powder metallurgy, alumina nanofibres.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-5-13
Agureev Leonid — State Research Center Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Keldysh Center” (Moscow, 125438, Onegskaya St. 8), PhD, researcher, specialist in the field of composite materials. E-mail: trynano@gmail.com.
Laptev Ivan — State Research Center Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Keldysh Center” (Moscow, 125438, Onegskaya St. 8), engineer, specialist in the field of composite materials. E-mail: rvah@mail.ru.
Ivanov Boris — State Research Center Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Keldysh Center” (Moscow, 125438, Onegskaya St. 8), engineer, specialist in the field of composite materials. E-mail: ibs@live.ru.
Kanushkin Andrey — State Research Center Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Keldysh Center” (Moscow, 125438, Onegskaya St. 8), engineer, specialist in the field of composite materials. Email: kanushkin.andrey@icloud.com.
Kostikov Valery — NUST “MISiS” (Moscow, 119049, Leninsky Prospekt 6), Dr. Sci., professor, corresponding member of RAS, specialist in the field of composite materials.
Rizakhanov Razhudin — State Research Center Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Keldysh Center” (Moscow, 125438, Onegskaya St. 8), PhD (Phys-Math), department head, specialist in the field of composite materials. E-mail: nanocenter@kerc.msk.ru.
Eremeeva Zhanna — NUST “MISiS” (Moscow, 119049, Leninsky Prospekt 6), Dr. Sci., professor, specialist in the field of composite materials. E-mail: eremeeva-shanna@yandex.ru.
Ashmarin Artem — State Research Center Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Keldysh Center” (Moscow, 125438, Onegskaya St. 8), PhD (Eng), leading engineer. E-mail: ashmarin_artem@list.ru.
Ivanov Andrey — State Research Center Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Keldysh Center” (Moscow, 125438, Onegskaya St. 8), leading engineer.
Vysotina Elena — State Research Center Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Keldysh Center” (Moscow, 125438, Onegskaya St. 8), engineer.
Panasova Galina — State Research Center Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Keldysh Center” (Moscow, 125438, Onegskaya St. 8), engineer.
Reference citing:
Agureev L.E., Laptev I.N., Ivanov B.S., Kanushkin A.I., Kostikov V.I., Rizakhanov R.N., Eremeeva Zh.V., Ashmarin A.A., Ivanov A.V., Vysotina E.A., Panasova G. V. Razrabotka zharoprochnogo alyuminievogo kompozita s malymi dobavkami nanovolokon oksida alyuminiya (NafenTM) [Development of heat-resistant aluminum composite with small additions of alumina nanofibres]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2020, no. 3, p. 5 – 13. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-5-13
Concentration and diffusion characteristics of interstitial atoms C, O, N and elastic modulus in vanadium
and V – 4 Cr – 4 Ti, V – W – Cr, V – Ta – Cr – Zr alloys
K. A. Moroz, V. M. Chernov, M. M. Potapenko,
V. A. Drobyshev, M. V. Kravtsova
The elastic (Young’s modules) and relaxation (amplitude-independent internal friction) properties of bcc metals and alloys (vanadium, alloys V – 4 Cr – 4 Ti, V – W – Cr and V – Ta – Cr – Zr) were investigated in the range of temperatures 25 – 400 °С by the method of dynamic mechanical spectroscopy in the low-frequency range (0,5 – 30,0 Hz). Carbon in vanadium and the V – W – Cr alloy in solid solution were not observed. In vanadium and the V – W – Cr alloy, the solid-solution concentrations of oxygen and nitrogen and their diffusion (activation energy of diffusion, characteristic relaxation time and pre-exponential coefficient of the diffusion equation) characteristics are determined. In the V – 4 Cr – 4 Ti alloy, the absence of solid solutions of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen was found. In the V – Ta – Cr – Zr alloy, the solid-solution concentrations of interstitial atoms (C, O, N) are substantially less than in vanadium and V – W – Cr alloy. Values of the elastic moduli in vanadium alloys can be less or more than the elastic modulus in vanadium depending on type of alloy (alloying) and temperature. V – 4 Ti – 4 Cr alloy has the smallest value of the elastic modulus of all the materials studied. On the temperature dependences of the elastic (Young’s) modules of the studied materials no features were observed, except a slight local relaxation of the Young’s modules of vanadium and the V – W – Cr alloy in the temperature range of the relaxation peaks.
Keywords: vanadium, vanadium alloys, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, elastic (Young’s) modules, internal friction, interstitial impurities, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, solid solutions, concentrations, activation energy, diffusion characteristics.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-14-27
Moroz Kirill — A.A. Bochvar High-Technology Scientific Research Institute for Inorganic Materials (VNIINM, Moscow, 123098, ul. Rogova, 5a), engineer-technologist, specialist in physics of solid state, material science and mechanical dynamical spectroscopyю E-mail: kirill.moroz.92@mail.ru.
Chernov Viacheslav — A.A. Bochvar High-Technology Scientific Research Institute for Inorganic Materials (VNIINM, Moscow, 123098, ul. Rogova, 5a), Dr.Sci. (Phys-Math), prof, chief scientist; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (115409, Russia, Moscow, Kashirskoe shosse, 31), professor; specialist in physics of solid state and material science. E-mail: VMChernov@bochvar.ru.
Potapenko Mikhail — A.A. Bochvar High-Technology Scientific Research Institute for Inorganic Materials (VNIINM, Moscow, 123098, ul. Rogova, 5a), deputy director of department, head of technology section, specialist in material science and material technology. E-mail: MMPotapenko@bochvar.ru.
Drobyshev Valeriy — A.A. Bochvar High-Technology Scientific Research Institute for Inorganic Materials (VNIINM, Moscow, 123098, ul. Rogova, 5a), Dr.Sci (Eng), chief expert, specialist in material science and metallurgy. E-mail: VADrobyshev@bochvar.ru.
Kravtsova Marina — A.A. Bochvar High-Technology Scientific Research Institute for Inorganic Materials (VNIINM, Moscow, 123098, ul. Rogova, 5a), senior scientist, specialist in material science and metallurgy. E-mail: MVKravtsova@bochvar.ru.
Reference citing:
Moroz K.A., Chernov V.M., Potapenko M.M., Drobyshev V.A., Kravtsova M.V. Koncentracionnye i diffuzionnye harakteristiki atomov vnedreniya (C, O, N) i moduli uprugosti v vanadii i splavah V – 4 Cr – 4 Ti, V – W – Cr, V – Ta – Cr – Zr [Concentration and diffusion characteristics of interstitial atoms C, O, N and elastic modulus in vanadium and V – 4 Cr – 4 Ti, V – W – Cr, V – Ta – Cr – Zr alloys]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2020, no. 3, p. 14 – 27. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-14-27
Influence of ozone and UV on the structure
of fibrous materials based on poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)
and polylactide
A. A. Olkhov, S. G. Karpova, P. M. Tyubaeva, A. L. Zhulkina,
Yu. N. Zernova, A. L. Iordanskii
Electrospinning yielded ultrafine fibers based on mixtures of biodegradable polyesters: poly- (3-hydroxybutyrate) and polylactide. Using optical microscopy, it was shown that mixed fibers, depending on the composition, have different diameters and geometries. Using the EPR and DSC methods, the structure of the crystalline and amorphous regions of the fibers was analyzed. The introduction of 10 – 70 % polyhydroxybutyrate into the polylactide matrix leads to a sharp increase in molecular mobility, but the concentration of the radical in the amorphous regions decreases sharply. With an increase in the concentration of PHB in the mixture (more than 70 %), a decrease in molecular mobility is observed. Studies of the state of the polymer matrix for the first time made it possible to interpret at the supramolecular level the effects of ozone and UV on the structural and dynamic characteristics of PHB / PLA fibers. It was shown that in mixtures the correlation time of the radical is minimal and does not depend on the ratio of polymers in the fiber and the time of exposure to ozone and UV irradiation.
Keywords: poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, polylactide, electrospinning, ultra-thin mixed fibers, structure.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-28-37
Olkhov Anatoly — Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119991, Kosygin str. 4), PhD, associate professor, head of laboratory, senior researcher scientist; Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Moscow, 117997, Stremyanny per., 36) leading researcher; Emmanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Kosygin str. 4), researcher scientist, specialist in the field of physical chemistry, technology and processing of polymers and composites. E-mail: aolkhov72@yandex.ru.
Karpova Svetlana — Emmanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Kosygin str. 4), senior research scientist, specialist in the field of physical chemistry of polymers and composites. E-mail: karpova@sky.chph.ras.ru.
Tyubayeva Polina — Emmanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119334, Kosygin str. 4), graduate student; Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Moscow, 117997, Stremyanny per., 36); engineer of the center for collective use, specialist in the field of physical chemistry and electrospinning of biopolymers. E-mail: polina-tyubaeva@yandex.ru.
Zhulkina Anna — Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119991, Kosygin str. 4), research scientist, specialist in the field of physical chemistry of polymers. E-mail: annazhulkina@gmail.com.
Zernova Yulia — Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119991, Kosygin str. 4), research scientist, specialist in the field of physical chemistry of polymers. E-mail: annazhulkina@gmail.com.
Iordanskii Alexey — Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 119991, Kosygin str. 4), Dr.Sci (Chem), chief researcher scientist, specialist in the field of physical chemistry of polymers and composites. E-mail: aljordan08@gmail.com.
Reference citing:
Olkhov A.A., Karpova S.G., Tyubaeva P.M., Zhulkina A.L., Zernova Yu.N., Iordanskii A.L. Vliyanie ozona i ul'trafioletovogo izlucheniya na strukturu voloknistyh materialov na osnove poli(3-gidroksibutirata) i polilaktida [Influence of ozone and UV on the structure of fibrous materials based on poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) and polylactide]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2020, no. 3, p. 28 – 37. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-28-37
Synthesis of oxide composites of titanium (IV)
and lantane (III), research of their physical-chemical
and photocatalytic properties
M. L. Belikov, T. A. Sedneva, E. P. Lokshin
Synthesized multiphase composites based on titanium dioxide, modified in a wide range (2 – 28 wt. %) Lanthanum. The features of the formation of these composites and their properties are studied. It was shown that the modification of TiO2 with lanthanum in the range of 2 – 28 wt.% Ensures the production of nanodispersed powders (8-53 nm) with a free specific surface area from 29 to 288 m2/g. At a low level of modification (2 wt. % La), dry (80 °C) hydrolysis products contain 79.3 wt. % TiO2, which is close to the oxo-hydroxide titanium formula TiO(OH)2 (81.6 wt. % TiO2). An increase in the heat treatment temperature leads to a natural enlargement of the particles and, as a result, a reduction in the specific surface area of the powders. With an increase in heat treatment temperature from 400 to 800 ° C and higher, a series of phase transitions in the composites are observed, depending on the content of lanthanum. When the content of 2 wt.% La, according to x-ray phase analysis (XRF), the beginning of the formation of anatase is observed at 400 °C, and then rutile at temperatures close to 900 °C. For sample La-16, rutile crystallization is observed in the range of 600 – 900 °C, while for La-28 it is not detected at all. At a temperature of 900 °C, both rutile and lanthanum titanates crystallize immediately from amorphous mass: initially La2Ti6O15 (3.46 Å), then La4Ti9O24 (3.36 Å). The synthesized composites have a significantly higher photocatalytic activity (PCA) compared to industrial titanium dioxide P25 from Degussa. The maximum photocatalytic activity (PCA) during photocatalytic degradation of industrial aniline dye (hereinafter aniline), ferroin and methylene blue is demonstrated by polyphase composites of various contents (anatase, rutile, lanthanum titanate).
Keywords: titanium dioxide, lanthanum, modification, hydrolysis, composites, photocatalytic activity, visible light.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-38-49
Belikov Maksim — Tananaev Institute of Chemistry — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Murmansk region, Apatity, Akademgorodok, h. 26 a), PhD (Eng), researcher, specialist in the field of water purification adsorption processes and photo catalysis. Е-mail: belikov@chemy.kolasc.net.ru.
Sedneva Tatiana — Tananaev Institute of Chemistry — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Murmansk region, Apatity, Akademgorodok, h. 26 a), PhD (Eng), senior researcher, specialist in the field of inorganic chemistry, phase transformations, nanostructured materials and electro-membrane technologies. E-mail: sedneva@chemy.kolasc.net.ru.
Lokshin Efroim — Tananaev Institute of Chemistry — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Murmansk region, Apatity, Akademgorodok, h. 26 a), PhD (Eng), Dr Sci (Eng), chief researcher, specialist in the field of inorganic chemistry and materials science. E-mail: lokshin@chemy.kolasc.net.ru.
Reference citing:
Belikov M. L., Sedneva T. A., Lokshin E. P. Sintez oksidnyh kompozitov titana (IV) i lantana (III), issledovanie ih fiziko-himicheskih i fotokataliticheskih svojstv [Synthesis of oxide composites of titanium (IV) and lantane (III), research of their physical-chemical and photocatalytic properties]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2020, no. 3, p. 38 – 49. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-38-49
Effect of morphology of titanium powder particles
on synthesis parameters and structure
of compact titanium diboride
Yu. V. Bogatov, V. Yu. Barinov, V. A. Shcherbakov
The paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at obtaining a dense titanium diboride by SHS-pressing. The influence of the properties of titanium powders in admixture with powder of boron on combustion parameters, structure and density of synthesized samples of TiB2. The titanium powder with more surface area and lower bulk density provides a higher temperature of combustion and, consequently, hot pressing of the synthesis products. It is shown that the pressing of mixtures of titanium and boron can be divided into 3 stages: structural deformation, elastic-plastic and plastic deformation. It is established that the dependence of the combustion temperature on the density of mixtures of titanium and boron have a pronounced maximum, and most likely determined by the magnitude of the contact surface between the reagents. It is shown that the maximum combustion temperature for the investigated mixtures have charge samples with densities corresponding to the 2nd stage of the sealing – elastic-plastic deformation. The dependence of the combustion rate on density of the mixtures of titanium and boron vary and apparently depend heavily on conditions for removal of gases released during the combustion of charge samples. The maximum burning rate corresponds to the charge samples with the minimum density. The obtained ceramic materials of TiB2 with high density (93 – 94 %) and more coherent structure of the charge pressovac with a higher combustion temperature.
Keywords: SHS-compaction, the properties of powders of titanium and boron, the combustion temperature, combustion speed, titanium diboride, microstructure.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-50-60
Bogatov Yury — Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences (142432, Russia, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 8 Academic Osipyan ul.), PhD (Eng), researcher, specialist in the field of SHS and material science. E-mail: xxbroddy@gmail.com.
Barinov Valery — Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences (142432, Russia, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 8 Academic Osipyan ul.), PhD (Eng), researcher, head of laboratory, specialist in the field of SHS and materials science. E-mail: barinov@ism.ac.ru.
Scherbakov Vladimir — Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences (142432, Russia, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 8 Academic Osipyan ul.), Dr. Sci. (Phys-Math), head of laboratory, specialist in the field of SHS and materials science. E-mail: vladimir@ism.ac.ru.
Reference citing:
Bogatov Yu.V., Barinov V.Yu., Shcherbakov V.A. Vliyanie morfologii poroshkov titana na parametry SVS i strukturu kompaktnogo diborida titana [Effect of morphology of titanium powder particles on synthesis parameters and structure of compact titanium diboride]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2020, no. 3, p. 50 – 60. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-50-60
Influence of composition and structure of nickel-boron coatings on their protective and decorative properties
Ye. Yu. Ananyeva, V. V. Rogozhin, M. G. Mikhalenko,
A. N. Moskvichev
In the present work, the influence of the composition and structure of the Nickel-boron coating on its protective and decorative properties is studied. These coatings were obtained by introducing a polyhedral additive Na2В10Н10 into standard Nickel electrolytes. It is shown that the mode of electrolysis and concentration of boron-containing additives determine the content of boron in the alloy and the structure of the coating, and, consequently, its protective,decorative and functional properties. It is established that the introduction of boron additives in Nickel electrolytes allows to obtain both crystalline (up to 1.1 % boron) and amorphous (over 4.3 % boron) Nickel-boron coatings. As the amorphousness increases, the micro roughness of the coating decreases slightly and the degree of gloss increases, and with a boron content of more than 2 %, practically non-porous coatings can be obtained. However, boron-containing additive input Na2В10Н10 is not an effective leveling and brightening additives and to obtain a shiny aligned coatings requires the introduction of a standard strong bishopapostles. In addition, the introduction of boron into the coating leads to an increase in the magnitude of the internal tensile stresses, which increase with the thickness of the layer, but decrease with increasing current density.
Keywords: electrodeposition, nickel-boron coatings, sodium borohydride, composition, structure, alloy amorphization, protective and decorative properties.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-61-69
Ananieva Elena — Nizhniy Novgorod State Technical University (NSTU, 603950 Nizhniy Novgorod, ul. Minina, 24), PhD (Eng), department of Technology of electrochemical production and chemistry of organic substances, candidate of technical sciences, senior lecturer, specialist in the field of electroplating. E-mail: ananieva.elena@yandex.ru.
Rogozhin Vyacheslav — Nizhniy Novgorod State Technical University (NSTU, 603950 Nizhniy Novgorod, ul. Minina, 24), Dr. Sci. (Eng), professor, department of Technology of electrochemical production and chemistry of organic substances, specialist in the field of electroplating. E-mail: tesma@mts-nn.ru.
Mikhalenko Mikhail — Nizhniy Novgorod State Technical University (NSTU, 603950 Nizhniy Novgorod, ul. Minina, 24), Dr. Sci. (Eng), professor, full member of Academy of engineering sciences, head of department of Technology of electrochemical production and chemistry of organic substances, specialist in the field of electroplating, chemical current sources.
Moskvichev Alexander — Institute of problems of mechanical engineering RAS — branch of Institute of Applied Physics of RAS (IPM RAS, 603024, Nizhniy Novgorod, Belinskogo ul., 85), PhD (Eng), senior researcher, deputy director for science, specialist in the field of electroplating.
Reference citing:
Ananyeva Ye.Yu., Rogozhin V. V., Mikhalenko M. G., Moskvichev A. N. Vliyanie sostava i struktury pokrytij nikel' – bor na ih zashchitno-dekorativnye svojstva [Influence of composition and structure of nickel-boron coatings on their protective and decorative properties]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2020, no. 3, p. 61 – 69. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-61-69
Method of absorbing material formation based on magnetically controlled Fe3O4 particles
I. A. Shorstkii, N. Yakovlev
This paper present a bulk arrays formation method based on magnetically controlled Fe3O4 particles based on a rotational magnetic field (RMF), followed by the production of an absorbing material of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range. The use of RMF laboratory setup with permanent magnets made it possible to obtain a composite material with dense particles packing, in which the principle of self-organization of monolayers of forming objects is implemented. Reflection, absorption and attenuation spectra of electromagnetic radiation were obtained for composites from a bulk array with dense packing of Fe3O4 particles with thicknesses of 3 and 6 mm, and from flat arrays with a set of 15 and 30 flat particle monolayers. Presented method of absorbing material formation based on magnetically controlled Fe3O4 particles and the installation have the prospect of being used in the processes of making composite materials for electromagnetic radiation protection using a wide range of materials of micro and nanoparticles.
Keywords: rotating magnetic field, absorption, composite material, microwave, array, packaging.
DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-70-79
Shorstkii Ivan — Kuban State University of Technology (2, Moskovskaya street, Krasnodar, Russia, 350004), Dr. Sci. (Eng), senior lecturer of Technological equipment and life-support systems department, specialist in the field of new physical treatment methods and magnetism. E-mail: i-shorstky@mail.ru.
Yakovlev Nikolai — Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (A*STAR, Singapore), Advanced Characterisation and Instrumentation (ACI) department, specialist in the field of magnetism and new materials. E-mail: niko-y@imre.a-star.edu.sg.
Reference citing:
Shorstkii I. A., Yakovlev N. Metod formirovaniya materiala-poglotitelya elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya na osnove magnitoupravlyaemyh chastic Fe3O4 [Method of absorbing material formation based on magnetically controlled Fe3O4 particles]. Perspektivnye Materialy — Advanced Materials (in Russ), 2020, no. 3, p. 70 – 79. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2020-3-70-79
